25 Questions
What type of organisms is Moxifloxacin active against?
Anaerobic and gram-positive organisms
How do fluoroquinolones enter bacteria?
Through porin channels
What is the primary target of fluoroquinolones in bacteria?
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
What is another name for DNA gyrase?
Bacterial topoisomerase II
Which enzyme is not inhibited by fluoroquinolones?
RNA polymerase
What is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia)
What is the typical indication for using fluoroquinolones?
Documented allergy to beta-lactam
What is the characteristic of moxifloxacin?
Broad-spectrum antibacterial activity
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
Antagonism of bacterial DNA gyrase
What is the advantage of fluoroquinolones over beta-lactam antibiotics?
Alternative for patients with beta-lactam allergy
What type of diarrhea is mentioned in the passage?
Traveler's diarrhea
What is Ciprofloxacin primarily used for?
Treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Why is Ciprofloxacin used as an alternative?
Because it is less toxic than other options
What is the characteristic of fluoroquinolones distribution?
Wide distribution
What type of drugs is Ciprofloxacin compared to?
Aminoglycosides
In which tissues are fluoroquinolones levels high?
Bone, urine, kidney, and prostatic tissue
Which of the following is an exception in terms of fluoroquinolones levels?
Prostatic fluid
What type of quinolone is Ciprofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolone
Where do fluoroquinolones concentrations exceed those in serum?
Lungs
What is true about fluoroquinolones levels in prostatic tissue?
Levels are high in prostatic tissue but not in prostatic fluid
What type of organisms are Legionellaceae and Chlamydiaceae?
Atypical organisms
Which of the following is not typically treated with fluoroquinolones?
Staphylococcus aureus or enterococcal infections
What is the limitation of fluoroquinolones against Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
They have limited utility due to disseminated resistance worldwide
What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Some mycobacteria
What is the reason fluoroquinolones are not effective against syphilis?
They are not effective against syphilis
Study Notes
Fluoroquinolones
- Fluoroquinolones are a common cause of CAP (community-acquired pneumonia) and are often used against many types of bacteria.
- Moxifloxacin is a 4th-generation fluoroquinolone, active against anaerobic and gram-positive organisms.
Mechanism of Action
- Fluoroquinolones enter bacteria through porin channels and inhibit DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) and bacterial topoisomerase IV.
Antimicrobial Spectrum
- Effective against:
- Atypical organisms: Legionellaceae, Chlamydiaceae
- Gram-positive organisms: Streptococci
- Some mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Not effective against:
- Staphylococcus aureus or enterococcal infections
- Syphilis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to widespread resistance
Pharmacokinetics
- Fluoroquinolones have a wide distribution in the body, with high levels in:
- Bone
- Urine (except moxifloxacin)
- Kidney
- Prostatic tissue (but not prostatic fluid)
- Lungs (concentrations exceed those in serum)
Specific Fluoroquinolones
- Ciprofloxacin:
- Most potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Used as an alternative to more toxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides
- Used to treat traveler's diarrhea
Learn about the therapeutic applications of fluoroquinolones, their effects on respiratory infections, and their use as alternatives for patients with severe beta-lactam allergies.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
