Fluoroquinolones and Respiratory Infections
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Questions and Answers

What type of organisms is Moxifloxacin active against?

  • Anaerobic and gram-positive organisms (correct)
  • Viral and parasitic organisms
  • Gram-negative and aerobic organisms
  • Fungi and protozoa

    • How do fluoroquinolones enter bacteria?

  • Through porin channels (correct)
  • Through facilitated diffusion
  • Through passive transport
  • Through active transport

    • What is the primary target of fluoroquinolones in bacteria?

  • RNA polymerase
  • Peptidoglycan synthesis
  • DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (correct)
  • DNA polymerase

    • What is another name for DNA gyrase?

    <p>Bacterial topoisomerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is not inhibited by fluoroquinolones?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical indication for using fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Documented allergy to beta-lactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of moxifloxacin?

    <p>Broad-spectrum antibacterial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Antagonism of bacterial DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of fluoroquinolones over beta-lactam antibiotics?

    <p>Alternative for patients with beta-lactam allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diarrhea is mentioned in the passage?

    <p>Traveler's diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ciprofloxacin primarily used for?

    <p>Treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Ciprofloxacin used as an alternative?

    <p>Because it is less toxic than other options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fluoroquinolones distribution?

    <p>Wide distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drugs is Ciprofloxacin compared to?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissues are fluoroquinolones levels high?

    <p>Bone, urine, kidney, and prostatic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an exception in terms of fluoroquinolones levels?

    <p>Prostatic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of quinolone is Ciprofloxacin?

    <p>Fluoroquinolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do fluoroquinolones concentrations exceed those in serum?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about fluoroquinolones levels in prostatic tissue?

    <p>Levels are high in prostatic tissue but not in prostatic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are Legionellaceae and Chlamydiaceae?

    <p>Atypical organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not typically treated with fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus or enterococcal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of fluoroquinolones against Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

    <p>They have limited utility due to disseminated resistance worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Some mycobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason fluoroquinolones are not effective against syphilis?

    <p>They are not effective against syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluoroquinolones

    • Fluoroquinolones are a common cause of CAP (community-acquired pneumonia) and are often used against many types of bacteria.
    • Moxifloxacin is a 4th-generation fluoroquinolone, active against anaerobic and gram-positive organisms.

    Mechanism of Action

    • Fluoroquinolones enter bacteria through porin channels and inhibit DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) and bacterial topoisomerase IV.

    Antimicrobial Spectrum

    • Effective against:
      • Atypical organisms: Legionellaceae, Chlamydiaceae
      • Gram-positive organisms: Streptococci
      • Some mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Not effective against:
      • Staphylococcus aureus or enterococcal infections
      • Syphilis
      • Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to widespread resistance

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Fluoroquinolones have a wide distribution in the body, with high levels in:
      • Bone
      • Urine (except moxifloxacin)
      • Kidney
      • Prostatic tissue (but not prostatic fluid)
      • Lungs (concentrations exceed those in serum)

    Specific Fluoroquinolones

    • Ciprofloxacin:
      • Most potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      • Used as an alternative to more toxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides
      • Used to treat traveler's diarrhea

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    Description

    Learn about the therapeutic applications of fluoroquinolones, their effects on respiratory infections, and their use as alternatives for patients with severe beta-lactam allergies.

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