Contraceptives
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Questions and Answers

Which type of contraceptives are known as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)?

  • Estrogen-progestin combination pills
  • Male condoms
  • Barrier contraceptives
  • Progestin intrauterine devices (correct)

In women who weigh more than 130% of ideal body weight, what is the potential issue with the etonogestrel implant?

  • It may be less effective (correct)
  • It does not work at all
  • It becomes more effective
  • It is equally effective

Which condition should patients have to avoid the levonorgestrel intrauterine device?

  • Ovarian cysts
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (correct)
  • Hormonal imbalances

What is the typical duration for which various levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices offer contraception?

<p>3 to 5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effectiveness range of postcoital or emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse?

<p>0.2% to 3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emergency contraceptive regimens are generally better tolerated than estrogen-progestin combination regimens?

<p>Levonorgestrel regimens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common estrogen in combination oral contraceptives?

<p>Ethinyl estradiol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oral contraceptive products attempt to mimic the natural female cycle?

<p>Triphasic pills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the placebo pills in most oral contraceptives?

<p>To maintain the habit of daily pill intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oral contraceptives typically involve taking active pills for 21 to 24 days followed by 4 to 7 days of placebo?

<p>Monophasic pills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of extended-cycle contraception (84 active pills followed by 7 days of placebo)?

<p>To reduce withdrawal bleeding frequency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ulipristal act as an emergency contraceptive?

<p>By preventing ovulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is common in all types of hormonal contraceptives mentioned in the text?

<p>Ethinyl estradiol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of exogenously administered estrogen in contraceptives?

<p>Prevents ovulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with estrogens in contraceptives?

<p>Breast fullness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect may occur with progestins in contraceptives?

<p>Changes in libido (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which severe adverse effects are most common with estrogen-containing contraceptives in women over 35 who smoke?

<p>Myocardial infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of progestin in contraceptives?

<p>Thickens cervical mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the therapeutic uses of androgenic steroids?

<p>Treating primary hypogonadism in males (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts testosterone to DHT in certain tissues?

<p>5α-reductase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do synthetic modifications of androgen structure aim to achieve?

<p>Combine anabolic and androgenic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cells does testosterone act as the active ligand without needing metabolism?

<p>Liver and muscle cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of androgens related to sperm production?

<p>Enhanced maturation in males (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition can anabolic steroids be used according to the text?

<p>Chronic wasting associated with HIV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason progestin-only products are preferred in older women who are smokers?

<p>To lower the probability of severe adverse effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may the incidence of cervical cancer be increased with hormonal contraceptives?

<p>Women are less likely to use barrier methods of contraception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are oral contraceptives contraindicated in the presence of cerebrovascular and thromboembolic disease?

<p>They can cause severe adverse effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about testosterone in humans?

<p>It is synthesized by Leydig cells in the testes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells in adult males?

<p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone or its active metabolite, DHT, in regulating testosterone production?

<p>They inhibit production of specific trophic hormones through negative feedback loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is associated with the 17a-alkylation of testosterone derivatives?

<p>Facial hair growth in females (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using testosterone in pregnant women?

<p>Increased risk of masculinization in the female fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do androgens affect serum lipid levels?

<p>Raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cosmetic change associated with excess androgens in males?

<p>Gynecomastia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of androgen use in children related to growth disturbances?

<p>Premature closing of epiphyseal plates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which orally active 17a-alkylated derivative of DHT has an anabolic activity 3 to 13 times that of testosterone?

<p>Oxandrolone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of androgens in females related to voice changes?

<p>Deepening of voice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of using testosterone in males related to impotence?

<p>Impotence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can excessive testosterone have on male reproductive health?

<p>Priapism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using oral testosterone derivatives?

<p>Possible male pattern baldness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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