40 Questions
Which type of contraceptives are known as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)?
Progestin intrauterine devices
In women who weigh more than 130% of ideal body weight, what is the potential issue with the etonogestrel implant?
It may be less effective
Which condition should patients have to avoid the levonorgestrel intrauterine device?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
What is the typical duration for which various levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices offer contraception?
3 to 5 years
What is the effectiveness range of postcoital or emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse?
0.2% to 3%
Which emergency contraceptive regimens are generally better tolerated than estrogen-progestin combination regimens?
Levonorgestrel regimens
What is the most common estrogen in combination oral contraceptives?
Ethinyl estradiol
Which type of oral contraceptive products attempt to mimic the natural female cycle?
Triphasic pills
What is the purpose of the placebo pills in most oral contraceptives?
To maintain the habit of daily pill intake
Which type of oral contraceptives typically involve taking active pills for 21 to 24 days followed by 4 to 7 days of placebo?
Monophasic pills
What is the purpose of extended-cycle contraception (84 active pills followed by 7 days of placebo)?
To reduce withdrawal bleeding frequency
How does ulipristal act as an emergency contraceptive?
By preventing ovulation
Which component is common in all types of hormonal contraceptives mentioned in the text?
Ethinyl estradiol
What is the role of exogenously administered estrogen in contraceptives?
Prevents ovulation
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with estrogens in contraceptives?
Breast fullness
What adverse effect may occur with progestins in contraceptives?
Changes in libido
Which severe adverse effects are most common with estrogen-containing contraceptives in women over 35 who smoke?
Myocardial infarction
What is the main function of progestin in contraceptives?
Thickens cervical mucus
What is one of the therapeutic uses of androgenic steroids?
Treating primary hypogonadism in males
Which enzyme converts testosterone to DHT in certain tissues?
5α-reductase
What effect do synthetic modifications of androgen structure aim to achieve?
Combine anabolic and androgenic effects
In which cells does testosterone act as the active ligand without needing metabolism?
Liver and muscle cells
What is a key function of androgens related to sperm production?
Enhanced maturation in males
For which condition can anabolic steroids be used according to the text?
Chronic wasting associated with HIV
What is the reason progestin-only products are preferred in older women who are smokers?
To lower the probability of severe adverse effects
Why may the incidence of cervical cancer be increased with hormonal contraceptives?
Women are less likely to use barrier methods of contraception
Why are oral contraceptives contraindicated in the presence of cerebrovascular and thromboembolic disease?
They can cause severe adverse effects
Which of the following is true about testosterone in humans?
It is synthesized by Leydig cells in the testes
Which hormone stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells in adult males?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What is the role of testosterone or its active metabolite, DHT, in regulating testosterone production?
They inhibit production of specific trophic hormones through negative feedback loop
Which adverse effect is associated with the 17a-alkylation of testosterone derivatives?
Facial hair growth in females
What is a potential consequence of using testosterone in pregnant women?
Increased risk of masculinization in the female fetus
How do androgens affect serum lipid levels?
Raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels
What is a potential cosmetic change associated with excess androgens in males?
Gynecomastia
What is a consequence of androgen use in children related to growth disturbances?
Premature closing of epiphyseal plates
Which orally active 17a-alkylated derivative of DHT has an anabolic activity 3 to 13 times that of testosterone?
Oxandrolone
What is a common adverse effect of androgens in females related to voice changes?
Deepening of voice
What is a possible consequence of using testosterone in males related to impotence?
Impotence
What effect can excessive testosterone have on male reproductive health?
Priapism
What is a potential consequence of using oral testosterone derivatives?
Possible male pattern baldness
Test your knowledge on hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptives. Explore the types of hormonal contraceptives, mechanism of action, androgen use, anti-androgens, and more in this pharmacology lecture quiz.
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