Contraceptives
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Questions and Answers

Which type of contraceptives are known as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)?

  • Estrogen-progestin combination pills
  • Male condoms
  • Barrier contraceptives
  • Progestin intrauterine devices (correct)
  • In women who weigh more than 130% of ideal body weight, what is the potential issue with the etonogestrel implant?

  • It may be less effective (correct)
  • It does not work at all
  • It becomes more effective
  • It is equally effective
  • Which condition should patients have to avoid the levonorgestrel intrauterine device?

  • Ovarian cysts
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (correct)
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • What is the typical duration for which various levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices offer contraception?

    <p>3 to 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effectiveness range of postcoital or emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse?

    <p>0.2% to 3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emergency contraceptive regimens are generally better tolerated than estrogen-progestin combination regimens?

    <p>Levonorgestrel regimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common estrogen in combination oral contraceptives?

    <p>Ethinyl estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of oral contraceptive products attempt to mimic the natural female cycle?

    <p>Triphasic pills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the placebo pills in most oral contraceptives?

    <p>To maintain the habit of daily pill intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of oral contraceptives typically involve taking active pills for 21 to 24 days followed by 4 to 7 days of placebo?

    <p>Monophasic pills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of extended-cycle contraception (84 active pills followed by 7 days of placebo)?

    <p>To reduce withdrawal bleeding frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ulipristal act as an emergency contraceptive?

    <p>By preventing ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is common in all types of hormonal contraceptives mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ethinyl estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of exogenously administered estrogen in contraceptives?

    <p>Prevents ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with estrogens in contraceptives?

    <p>Breast fullness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect may occur with progestins in contraceptives?

    <p>Changes in libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which severe adverse effects are most common with estrogen-containing contraceptives in women over 35 who smoke?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of progestin in contraceptives?

    <p>Thickens cervical mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the therapeutic uses of androgenic steroids?

    <p>Treating primary hypogonadism in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme converts testosterone to DHT in certain tissues?

    <p>5α-reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do synthetic modifications of androgen structure aim to achieve?

    <p>Combine anabolic and androgenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells does testosterone act as the active ligand without needing metabolism?

    <p>Liver and muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of androgens related to sperm production?

    <p>Enhanced maturation in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition can anabolic steroids be used according to the text?

    <p>Chronic wasting associated with HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason progestin-only products are preferred in older women who are smokers?

    <p>To lower the probability of severe adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may the incidence of cervical cancer be increased with hormonal contraceptives?

    <p>Women are less likely to use barrier methods of contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oral contraceptives contraindicated in the presence of cerebrovascular and thromboembolic disease?

    <p>They can cause severe adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about testosterone in humans?

    <p>It is synthesized by Leydig cells in the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells in adult males?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone or its active metabolite, DHT, in regulating testosterone production?

    <p>They inhibit production of specific trophic hormones through negative feedback loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is associated with the 17a-alkylation of testosterone derivatives?

    <p>Facial hair growth in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using testosterone in pregnant women?

    <p>Increased risk of masculinization in the female fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do androgens affect serum lipid levels?

    <p>Raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cosmetic change associated with excess androgens in males?

    <p>Gynecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of androgen use in children related to growth disturbances?

    <p>Premature closing of epiphyseal plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which orally active 17a-alkylated derivative of DHT has an anabolic activity 3 to 13 times that of testosterone?

    <p>Oxandrolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of androgens in females related to voice changes?

    <p>Deepening of voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of using testosterone in males related to impotence?

    <p>Impotence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can excessive testosterone have on male reproductive health?

    <p>Priapism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using oral testosterone derivatives?

    <p>Possible male pattern baldness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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