Module 04: Common Prescription Drugs

<p>By binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many bacteria have developed resistance due to widespread use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be discarded to avoid toxicity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrolides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonamides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin/Cephalosporins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to antimicrobial resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trimethoprim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the binding of the charged transfer RNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent the formation of peptide bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria do not utilize preformed tetrahydrofolic acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase, reducing tetrahydrofolic acid production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act synergistically to inhibit folate metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of protein synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal disturbances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the binding of charged transfer RNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tetracyclines bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing amino acid addition to the protein chain.

Tetracyclines' strong calcium affinity makes them used cautiously in pregnant women and children under 12.

Macrolides bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, stopping peptide bond formation.

Tetracyclines can degrade into harmful substances over time, so proper storage is critical.

Tetracyclines can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discoloration of teeth, and stunted bone growth.

Macrolides, especially erythromycin, can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Substances that stop the creation of proteins in bacteria.

Bacteria developing resistance to an antibiotic's effects over time.

Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase, blocking folate metabolism.

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis.

Inhibits bacterial cell wall formation by inhibiting transpeptidase.

Blocks folate metabolism by inhibiting PABA incorporation into dihydropteroic acid.

Some infections may become untreatable if antibiotic resistance continues to emerge.

Antifolates inhibit folate metabolism in bacteria, specifically the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid.

Sulfonamides are selectively toxic because they target an enzyme bacteria need to synthesize tetrahydrofolic acid, while humans obtain it preformed.

Trimethoprim inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolic acid reductase, which is key for tetrahydrofolic acid formation.

Though both humans and bacteria have this enzyme, trimethoprim has a stronger effect on the bacterial version.

Co-trimoxazole is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, targeting sequential steps in the metabolic pathway.

It creates a synergistic antibacterial effect by inhibiting two consecutive steps in the folate metabolism pathway.

Combining antibiotics can lead to enhanced effectiveness and a broader spectrum of activity.

Co-trimoxazole is used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and gastrointestinal tract infections.