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Questions and Answers
Which generation of quinolones does ciprofloxacin belong to?
Which generation of quinolones does ciprofloxacin belong to?
What common feature do quinolone carboxylic acids derived drugs share?
What common feature do quinolone carboxylic acids derived drugs share?
Which quinolone carboxylic acid derivative is considered a first-generation drug?
Which quinolone carboxylic acid derivative is considered a first-generation drug?
In which species is pradofloxacin approved for use in the US?
In which species is pradofloxacin approved for use in the US?
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What is the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin in cats and horses?
What is the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin in cats and horses?
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Which organ typically has particularly high concentrations of quinolones?
Which organ typically has particularly high concentrations of quinolones?
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What is the major route of elimination for most quinolones?
What is the major route of elimination for most quinolones?
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Which form of administration significantly impacts the bioavailability of fluoroquinolones?
Which form of administration significantly impacts the bioavailability of fluoroquinolones?
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What is the impact of antacids containing divalent cations on fluoroquinolone bioavailability?
What is the impact of antacids containing divalent cations on fluoroquinolone bioavailability?
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Which quinolone is metabolized to form ciprofloxacin?
Which quinolone is metabolized to form ciprofloxacin?
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What is the apparent volume of distribution of most quinolones?
What is the apparent volume of distribution of most quinolones?
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Which animal species exhibits exceedingly poor oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin?
Which animal species exhibits exceedingly poor oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin?
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What is the plasma-protein binding of nalidixic acid in horses?
What is the plasma-protein binding of nalidixic acid in horses?
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Which animal exhibits better bioavailability of enrofloxacin that is not affected by feeding?
Which animal exhibits better bioavailability of enrofloxacin that is not affected by feeding?
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What happens when fluoroquinolones accumulate in phagocytic WBCs?
What happens when fluoroquinolones accumulate in phagocytic WBCs?
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What happens to urine concentrations after fluoroquinolone administration?
What happens to urine concentrations after fluoroquinolone administration?
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What does the optimal AUC:MIC ratio need to be for efficacy?
What does the optimal AUC:MIC ratio need to be for efficacy?
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For which organisms is the MIC for E coli very high?
For which organisms is the MIC for E coli very high?
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What is more commonly targeted by resistance mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria?
What is more commonly targeted by resistance mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria?
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Which fluoroquinolone has the greatest activity against Pseudomonas spp?
Which fluoroquinolone has the greatest activity against Pseudomonas spp?
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What is one of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones?
What is one of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones?
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What tends to be resistant to most quinolones?
What tends to be resistant to most quinolones?
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Which organisms are the fluoroquinolones active against?
Which organisms are the fluoroquinolones active against?
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What is the mechanism for cartilage damage caused by high prolonged dosages of quinolones?
What is the mechanism for cartilage damage caused by high prolonged dosages of quinolones?
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What adverse effect of pradofloxacin led to it not being approved for dogs in the US?
What adverse effect of pradofloxacin led to it not being approved for dogs in the US?
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Which toxicity associated with fluoroquinolones may lead to adverse events ranging from neurologic to musculoskeletal to cardiovascular?
Which toxicity associated with fluoroquinolones may lead to adverse events ranging from neurologic to musculoskeletal to cardiovascular?
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What type of drug interaction occurs when antacids or other drugs containing multivalent cations and sucralfate are used concurrently with quinolones?
What type of drug interaction occurs when antacids or other drugs containing multivalent cations and sucralfate are used concurrently with quinolones?
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Which drug impairs the efficacy of quinolones if used concurrently for urinary tract infections?
Which drug impairs the efficacy of quinolones if used concurrently for urinary tract infections?
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Which substance's biotransformation do quinolones inhibit, leading to increased serum concentrations that can result in CNS and cardiac toxicity?
Which substance's biotransformation do quinolones inhibit, leading to increased serum concentrations that can result in CNS and cardiac toxicity?
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What may be increased via concurrent administration of cyclosporine with fluoroquinolones, potentially leading to prolonged and toxic plasma concentrations?
What may be increased via concurrent administration of cyclosporine with fluoroquinolones, potentially leading to prolonged and toxic plasma concentrations?
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Which laboratory test results may be altered due to quinolone use?
Which laboratory test results may be altered due to quinolone use?
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Why are withdrawal times not available for most quinolones in food-producing animals?
Why are withdrawal times not available for most quinolones in food-producing animals?
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What is prohibited for extralabel drug use in food-producing animal species in the US?
What is prohibited for extralabel drug use in food-producing animal species in the US?
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What do morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells indicate as per Cushnie et al. (2016)?
What do morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells indicate as per Cushnie et al. (2016)?
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Which agency added a black-box warning for seven fluoroquinolones due to an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture?
Which agency added a black-box warning for seven fluoroquinolones due to an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture?
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How do modifications to the side chain attached to the nitrogen at position 1 affect potency?
How do modifications to the side chain attached to the nitrogen at position 1 affect potency?
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What effect does the addition of a fluorine atom at position 6 have?
What effect does the addition of a fluorine atom at position 6 have?
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How do substitutions on the piperazyl ring at position 7 affect bacterial penetration and potency?
How do substitutions on the piperazyl ring at position 7 affect bacterial penetration and potency?
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What is the impact of quinolones in acidic urine pH?
What is the impact of quinolones in acidic urine pH?
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What role do topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV play in bacterial DNA replication?
What role do topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV play in bacterial DNA replication?
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How do fluoroquinolones affect cell lysis in the absence of RNA and protein synthesis?
How do fluoroquinolones affect cell lysis in the absence of RNA and protein synthesis?
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What are bacterial ghosts?
What are bacterial ghosts?
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Which bacteria are primarily associated with a postantimicrobial effect from quinolones?
Which bacteria are primarily associated with a postantimicrobial effect from quinolones?
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"The drugs are concentration dependent" implies that:
"The drugs are concentration dependent" implies that:
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How do lower concentrations of fluoroquinolones affect DNA-DNA gyrase complex binding sites?
How do lower concentrations of fluoroquinolones affect DNA-DNA gyrase complex binding sites?
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What role do mammalian topoisomerase enzymes play in relation to quinolone inhibition?
What role do mammalian topoisomerase enzymes play in relation to quinolone inhibition?
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What is the postantimicrobial effect associated with quinolones?
What is the postantimicrobial effect associated with quinolones?
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What is the recommended plasma drug concentration in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting microbe for quinolones?
What is the recommended plasma drug concentration in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting microbe for quinolones?
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Why should quinolones be considered for use in infections located in tough-to-penetrate tissues?
Why should quinolones be considered for use in infections located in tough-to-penetrate tissues?
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Why are fluoroquinolones prohibited for extralabel use in food-producing animals in the US?
Why are fluoroquinolones prohibited for extralabel use in food-producing animals in the US?
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What is the risk associated with enrofloxacin at doses of 5 mg/kg or higher in cats?
What is the risk associated with enrofloxacin at doses of 5 mg/kg or higher in cats?
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What is the consequence of changes in the ABCG2 transporter due to exposure to photoreactive fluoroquinolones?
What is the consequence of changes in the ABCG2 transporter due to exposure to photoreactive fluoroquinolones?
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What is the likely consequence of rapid IV administration of high doses of enrofloxacin in horses?
What is the likely consequence of rapid IV administration of high doses of enrofloxacin in horses?
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Why should the dose rate and frequency of quinolones be adjusted for the individual animal and the MIC of the infecting organisms?
Why should the dose rate and frequency of quinolones be adjusted for the individual animal and the MIC of the infecting organisms?
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What is the primary cause of retinal damage and degeneration in cats exposed to fluoroquinolones?
What is the primary cause of retinal damage and degeneration in cats exposed to fluoroquinolones?
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What is the effect of pharmacological inhibition of ABCG2 in other species when fluoroquinolones are concurrently administered?
What is the effect of pharmacological inhibition of ABCG2 in other species when fluoroquinolones are concurrently administered?
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What is the main reason why extralabel use of fluoroquinolones is prohibited in food-producing animals in the US?
What is the main reason why extralabel use of fluoroquinolones is prohibited in food-producing animals in the US?
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What is a notable adverse effect associated with both ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin?
What is a notable adverse effect associated with both ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin?
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What is a common outcome observed with enrofloxacin doses >5 mg/kg/day in cats?
What is a common outcome observed with enrofloxacin doses >5 mg/kg/day in cats?
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