Veterinary Medicine Overview
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Questions and Answers

Match the following items with their definitions:

A = De-icer crystals B = Anti-mildew paint C = Ant baits D = Silver-polish E = Snail baits

Which choice is best for an x-ray of a nervous, moving dog?

  • Higher milliamperage (mA); Longer time (seconds)
  • Lower milliamperage (mA); Shorter time (seconds)
  • Higher kilovoltage (kVp)
  • Higher milliamperage (mA); Shorter time (seconds) (correct)

    • Why are most antibiotics contraindicated in rabbits and hamsters?

  • Disrupts gram positive gut flora (correct)
  • Highly permeable blood-brain barrier
  • Their little hearts just can't take it
  • Highly sensitive to renal toxicity

    • Which anatomic area do the following surgical approaches access in the horse? Modified Whitehouse, Viborg's triangle, Hyovertebrotomy.

    <p>Guttural pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte change can occur if you leave a blood sample sitting too long with red blood cells (RBCs) in contact with the serum? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Phosphorus increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client brings in her dog who ate a box of rat poison in the last 2 days. What symptoms would be expected? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Bleeding, weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color is a gram-positive bacteria on the microscopic slide?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lab result would you expect to find in a cat with Diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Increased urine glucose, Increased blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which forceps secure drapes to the patient by penetrating the skin?

    <p>Backhaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does a rare Albanian hairy iguana get treated with medicated shampoo 'Iggy-cote'?

    <p>Every other day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two white blood cells are phagocytic (eat foreign cells and material by engulfing them)?

    <p>Monocyte, Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a band neutrophil?

    <p>Immature neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you prevent laryngospasm in cats before inducing anesthesia?

    <p>1-2% Lidocaine spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes inflammation of the testicle?

    <p>Orchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice is often used in combination with ketamine or thiopental to induce anesthesia in horses?

    <p>Guaifenesin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a cat is azotemic?

    <p>Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can reverse the effects of xylazine (alpha2-adrenergic agonist with analgesic and sedative effects)?

    <p>Yohimbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following dog breeds is classified as brachycephalic?

    <p>English Bulldog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of tissue causes the most x-ray scatter?

    <p>Thick body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are called to a farm to help do a routine dental exam and float the teeth of an 8-year old Standardbred mare. What parts get filed down with the rasp when a horse gets its teeth floated?

    <p>Buccal aspect-upper molar arcade, Lingual aspect-lower molar arcade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 3-year-old domestic longhair female spayed cat is presented at your clinic with hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, stumbling and a temperature of 105.2 F (40.7 C). What toxic ingredient do you suspect most highly?

    <p>Permethrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice lists these species in order of gestation length, from longest to shortest pregnancy?

    <p>Horse, Cow, Goat, Pig, Dog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nosocomial infection?

    <p>An infection acquired in a hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the brachioradialis muscle clinically significant in dogs and cats?

    <p>Can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle in dogs and cats?

    <p>Good place to take pulse from femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after birth does gut closure typically occur in calves and foals?

    <p>18-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats are primarily linked to which two vaccines?

    <p>FeLV and Rabies vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after the first rabies vaccination is a dog, cat or ferret considered to be immunized and protected against rabies?

    <p>After 28 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a thrombocyte?

    <p>Cause blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 6-month-old mixed breed dog presents with a focal area of alopecia with comedones. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?

    <p>Demodecosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal amount of expected moisture on a paper testing strip in Schirmer's tear test?

    <p>18-25 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color is a gram-negative bacteria on the microscopic slide?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the predominant white blood cell type seen on this peripheral blood smear from a dog?

    <p>Eosinophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How common are dental caries (cavities) in dogs?

    <p>Uncommon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is more severe, periodontitis or gingivitis?

    <p>Periodontitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total serum protein level in a dog with an albumin of 4.0 g/dl and a globulin level of 3.5 g/dl?

    <p>7.5 g/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might you roughly calculate the hemoglobin concentration in a blood sample from a normal dog if you know the red blood cell (RBC) packed cell volume (PCV, %)?

    <p>Multiply PCV by one third (0.33)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A calf with pinkeye is being treated with an injection of long acting oxytetracycline. The calf weighs 100 lbs and the dose is 10mg/kg. How many milligrams will be needed for one dose?

    <p>454.5 milligrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most antibiotics contraindicated in rabbits and hamsters?

    <p>Disrupts gram positive gut flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug causes vomiting in cats?

    <p>Xylazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major active ingredient in most IV euthanasia solutions is:

    <p>Pentobarbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you change exposure settings to make an x-ray film lighter?

    <p>Decrease kVp, decrease mA, decrease time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule of thumb for how long an x-ray film should stay in the fixer bath?

    <p>Twice as long as film was in developer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice correctly lists the order in which gases pass through a typical circular anesthetic circuit?

    <p>Pressure regulator, flowmeter, vaporizer, patient, CO2 canister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following choices is a side effect that you should be aware of when using ketamine for anesthesia in cats?

    <p>Eyes stay open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a curette?

    <p>Scrape hard tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomic area do these three surgical approaches access in the horse: Modified Whitehouse, Viborg's triangle, Hyovertebrotomy?

    <p>Guttural pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vet has asked you to prepare for a pyometra surgery on a 7 year-old intact female schnauzer. What are you about to remove from the dog?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are looking at a canine vaginal smear through a microscope. At what stage of the estrous cycle is this dog?

    <p>Diestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would a dog or cat be likely to encounter arsenic around the house?

    <p>Ant baits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is a practice required to maintain client medical records?

    <p>Years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice correctly describes apnea?

    <p>No breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug family is associated with tooth enamel problems?

    <p>Tetracyclines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the proper storage of fresh or frozen plasma is most correct?

    <p>Can be frozen for up to 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cat that weighs 11 lb (5 kg) is prescribed antibiotics at a dosage of 0.2 mg/lb (0.44 mg/kg). The medication is available only in 2 mg tablets. How many tablets should the cat receive in a single dose?

    <p>~1 tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a cow is multiparous?

    <p>Has given birth more than once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vet has asked you to prepare for an onychectomy on a cat. What kind of surgery is this?

    <p>Declaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A basset hound with galloping halitosis has been prescribed with medicated mint dog treats prn for bad breath. How often does the dog get treated?

    <p>As needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice indicates that the soda lime granules in a CO2 absorbent canister have become exhausted?

    <p>Color change from white to purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an iatrogenic medical or surgical problem?

    <p>A bad outcome, inflicted by the therapy itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following choices does not produce energy when ingested?

    <p>Mineral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    While examining a high-producing dairy cow that is off-feed, the vet listens for the characteristic dead spot of an impacted omasum. What is she listening for?

    <p>The musical ping of a left displaced abomasum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction is plantar?

    <p>The bottom of the hindfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment in the clinic will make the cat vomit as soon as possible?

    <p>Xylazine IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which commonly used anesthetic circuit is made up of a tube within a tube?

    <p>Bain system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice best describes the process of repairing a clean wound within a few hours of injury by first intention?

    <p>Suture the wound closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after a booster rabies vaccination is a dog, cat or ferret considered to be currently vaccinated and protected against rabies?

    <p>Immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electrolyte Changes

    • Leaving blood samples in contact with RBCs can elevate phosphorus levels.
    • Bicarbonate levels may decrease in prolonged contact with RBCs.

    Rat Poison Symptoms

    • Dogs that ingest rat poison show symptoms like bleeding and weakness.

    Gram Staining

    • Gram-positive bacteria appear blue on microscopic examination.
    • Gram-negative bacteria appear red on microscopic slides.

    Diabetes Mellitus in Cats

    • Expected lab results include increased urine glucose and elevated blood glucose.

    Surgical Forceps

    • Backhaus forceps are specifically designed to secure drapes by penetrating the skin.

    Treatment Frequency

    • "Iggy-cote" shampoo for an iguana is prescribed every other day.

    White Blood Cells

    • Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytic, meaning they engulf and destroy foreign cells and material.
    • Band neutrophils are immature neutrophils.

    Anesthesia Considerations

    • Laryngeal spasm in cats can be prevented with 1-2% Lidocaine spray.
    • Guaifenesin is commonly used in conjunction with ketamine or thiopental for horse anesthesia.

    Azotemia in Cats

    • Azotemic conditions indicate increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

    Drug Reversal and Common Conditions

    • Yohimbine can reverse xylazine sedation; it's an alpha2-adrenergic agonist.
    • English Bulldogs are classified as a brachycephalic breed.

    X-ray Considerations

    • Thick body parts lead to increased X-ray scatter.
    • To lighten an X-ray film, decrease kVp and mA while reducing exposure time.

    Analgesics and Adverse Effects

    • Ketamine use in cats may result in side effects such as open eyes during anesthesia.
    • Xylazine induces vomiting in cats.

    Common Conditions and Treatment

    • Canine dental caries are uncommon, affecting fewer than 35% of dogs older than 5.
    • The most prevalent malignant oral tumor in cats is squamous cell carcinoma.

    Vital Stats in Veterinary Care

    • Normal moisture levels in a Schirmer's tear test strip range from 18-25 mm.
    • A calf weighing 100 lbs requires 454.5 mg of long-acting oxytetracycline at a dosage of 10 mg/kg.

    Record-Keeping and Iatrogenic Effects

    • Veterinary practices must retain client medical records for several years.
    • An iatrogenic problem is a negative outcome caused by medical treatment.

    Poisonous Substances

    • Ant baits at home may contain arsenic, posing risks to pets.
    • Tetracyclines are linked to enamel issues in teeth.

    Surgical Procedures

    • An onychectomy refers to declawing in cats, often performed under anesthesia.
    • Pyometra surgery involves the removal of the uterus.

    Veterinary Anesthesia

    • Inhalation anesthetic circuits typically follow the order: pressure regulator, flowmeter, vaporizer, patient, and CO2 canister.
    • The Bain system is a type of anesthetic circuit characterized by a tube within a tube.

    Understanding Injuries

    • In horses, a cleaned wound can be sutured as first intention when treated within hours.
    • A left displaced abomasum is audible as a musical ping during pings with a stethoscope.

    Patient Care and Monitoring

    • Routine checks of the femoral triangle can confirm pulse via the femoral artery.
    • Multiparous cows have given birth multiple times, indicating reproductive history.

    Vaccination Protocols

    • Dogs, cats, or ferrets are fully immunized against rabies 28 days after vaccination.

    Antibiotic Sensitivity

    • Most antibiotics disrupt the gut flora in rabbits and hamsters, significantly affecting their digestive health.

    Hematology and Biochemistry

    • Calculate hemoglobin levels by multiplying the packed cell volume by one-third.
    • Total serum protein can be found by adding albumin and globulin levels together.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in veterinary medicine, including electrolyte changes, symptoms of rat poison ingestion in dogs, Gram staining techniques, and diabetes mellitus in cats. It also addresses surgical instruments and anesthesia considerations for veterinary procedures.

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