Questions and Answers
Where are the intramuscular (IM) injection sites in dogs?
Lumbar region (epaxial muscles) and quadriceps
Where is the unacceptable IM injection site for dogs?
The semimembranosus and semitendinosus
How should an IM injection be given?
Needle at 90° angle to skin surface, going through the dermis and fatty subcutaneous tissue and into the muscle tissue
Where is the subcutaneous (SC) injection site for dogs?
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How should the SC injection be given?
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Where are the intravenous (IV) injection sites in dogs?
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Where are the IM injection sites in cats?
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Where is the unacceptable IM injection site for cats and why?
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Where are the IV injection sites for cats?
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Where is the SC injection site for cats?
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In cases where an animal is uncooperative or the injection site is wounded, where else can an IM injection be given?
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In cases where an animal is uncooperative or the injection site is wounded, where else can a SC injection be given?
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In cases where an animal is uncooperative or the injection site is wounded, where else can an IV injection be given?
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Why is the jugular vein used to take blood samples?
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Where else can be used to get a blood sample?
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What should you do before injecting once the needle is in?
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Study Notes
Injection Sites for Dogs
- Intramuscular (IM) injection sites are located in the lumbar region (epaxial muscles) and the quadriceps.
- Unacceptable IM injection sites include the semimembranosus and semitendinosus due to potential complications.
- IM injections should be given with the needle at a 90° angle, penetrating through the dermis, fatty tissue, and into muscle.
- Subcutaneous (SC) injections are administered in the neck scruff, with the needle pointing from caudal to cranial at a 45° angle to the skin tent.
- Intravenous (IV) injections can be performed via the cephalic vein on the forelimb or the saphenous vein on the hindlimb.
Injection Sites for Cats
- For cats, IM injections are primarily done in the lumbar epaxial muscles.
- The semimembranosus and semitendinosus are not recommended for IM injections due to a risk of damaging the sciatic nerve.
- IV injection sites are similar to dogs, utilizing the cephalic vein and saphenous vein.
- SC injections in cats are also performed in the neck scruff.
Alternative Injection Sites
- In uncooperative animals or if the primary injection site is injured, alternative IM sites include neck muscles or triceps.
- SC injections may also be administered over the ribs or in the skin fold before the hindlimb.
- Jugular vein can be accessed for IV injections but is considered a last resort due to its invasiveness.
Blood Sampling
- The jugular vein is often used for blood samples because of its large size and thick walls, reducing the chance of collapse.
- The lateral aspect of the ear pinna can be utilized for small blood samples, typically just a drop for glucose testing.
Safety Precautions
- Before injecting, it is crucial to pull back the syringe plunger to verify the needle is not in a blood vessel, applicable for both IM and SC injections.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the proper intramuscular injection sites for dogs with these flashcards. Learn about acceptable and unacceptable sites, as well as injection techniques to ensure the safety and effectiveness of your procedures.