Pharmaceutical Solutions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of pharmaceutical solutions in terms of dosing?

  • Immediate availability for absorption and distribution (correct)
  • Higher stability compared to dry forms
  • Longer shelf life
  • Reduced risk of side effects
  • Which type of solvent is commonly used for non-sterile products?

  • Alcohol
  • Purified water (correct)
  • Sterile water for injection
  • Bacteriostatic Water for injection
  • What makes pharmaceutical solutions not ideal for drugs with unpleasant taste?

  • Reduced risk of side effects
  • Ease of administration
  • Inability to mask unpleasant taste (correct)
  • Increased bioavailability
  • Why is ethyl acetate unsuitable as a solvent for pharmaceutical preparations?

    <p>It is not Generally Recognized as Safe (GRASS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is associated with adding many different excipients to a product?

    <p>Increased potential for incompatibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do pharmaceutical solutions offer in terms of administration to patients who have difficulty swallowing?

    <p>Already in solution for easy ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmaceutical applications, these are the role of purified water except?

    <p>Alternative to non-volatile oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes pharmaceutical solutions preferable for indicating the amount of medicine consumed to patients?

    <p>Clear labeling on packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of non-aqueous solvent mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sterile water for injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the formation of a complex have on the solubility of a product?

    <p>Increases solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to adjust the amount of sucrose in a medicated syrup?

    <p>To prevent capping, which leads to recrystallization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do syrups need a high concentration of sucrose to be self-preserved?

    <p>To prevent the need for adding preservatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk associated with the dilution of a syrup formulation?

    <p>Decrease in the concentration of sucrose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if a syrup formulation is not adequately preserved?

    <p>Increased risk of microbial growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to consider other components in a syrup formulation when determining the final concentration of sucrose?

    <p>To ensure proper consistency and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does recrystallization have on the quality of a syrup formulation?

    <p>Degrades the overall quality and appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of talc as a dispersing aid in pharmaceutical applications?

    <p>Absorbing excess oil essence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for talc to be asbestos free in pharmaceutical applications?

    <p>To avoid contamination of the product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes aromatic waters like peppermint water and rose water in pharmaceutical use?

    <p>They serve multiple functions like flavoring and perfuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between talc acting as a dispersing agent and as a clarifying agent?

    <p>Dispersing agent absorbs oil essence, while clarifying agent filters the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes elixirs in terms of their composition for oral use?

    <p>Pleasantly flavored with a syrup base and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between spirits and tinctures?

    <p>Spirits contain only volatile substances, while tinctures may contain non-volatile substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are aromatic waters prepared?

    <p>By distillation or solution of the aromatic substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature between spirits and aromatic waters?

    <p>Spirits have a very distinct aroma due to the volatile substances present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the composition of tinctures?

    <p>Tinctures are less concentrated than spirits but may or may not contain volatile substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tinctures from aromatic waters?

    <p>Tinctures can contain non-volatile substances, while aromatic waters cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect are spirits and tinctures similar?

    <p>Both can be prepared as hydroalcoholic solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of otic solutions, based on the text?

    <p>The packaging includes a small orifice for easy dropwise administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nasal solutions required to be isotonic, according to the text?

    <p>To prevent cilia irritation in the nasal passages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common vehicle used in oral solutions, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Polyols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solution is suitable for topical application to the skin or mucous membranes?

    <p>Topical solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tonicity adjusters like NaCl and Dextrose play in nasal solutions?

    <p>Ensure isotonicity with body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nasal solutions differ from oral solutions in terms of administration?

    <p>Nasal solutions are administered through instillation or spraying into the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must irrigating solutions be sterile even though they are not used parenterally?

    <p>To reduce the risk of sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes parenteral solutions from other types of solutions mentioned in the text?

    <p>They can be injected directly into the blood vessel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ophthalmic solutions required to be sterile and particle-free?

    <p>To prevent sepsis from eye infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason nebulizers are used for inhalation solutions?

    <p>To transform the solution into small droplets for lung penetration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nebulized drugs intended to pass through the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs?

    <p>To target specific areas in the lungs for systemic effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes parenteral injections into muscles (intramuscular) from injections into veins (intravenous)?

    <p>Different speed of absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an evacuation enema and a retention enema?

    <p>The intended effects on the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for enema solutions to be refrigerated once dissolved?

    <p>To reduce microbial attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a vaginal douche?

    <p>Cleansing or antiseptic agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nasal douches required to be isotonic?

    <p>To prevent damage to nasal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using an eye douche?

    <p>Cleansing the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes gargles from mouthwashes?

    <p>The method of application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are liniments non-aqueous?

    <p>To ensure they stay on the skin for a longer period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a counterirritant in liniments?

    <p>To provide a different sensation than pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should collodions be preserved in a tight container?

    <p>To prevent them from evaporating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes flexible collodion different from other collodions?

    <p>It contains camphor and castor oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is salicylic acid added to collodions?

    <p>For its keratolytic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using collodion as a waterproof covering for stitched incisions?

    <p>It prevents infection and promotes healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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