Pharmaceutical Solutions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of pharmaceutical solutions in terms of dosing?

  • Immediate availability for absorption and distribution (correct)
  • Higher stability compared to dry forms
  • Longer shelf life
  • Reduced risk of side effects

Which type of solvent is commonly used for non-sterile products?

  • Alcohol
  • Purified water (correct)
  • Sterile water for injection
  • Bacteriostatic Water for injection

What makes pharmaceutical solutions not ideal for drugs with unpleasant taste?

  • Reduced risk of side effects
  • Ease of administration
  • Inability to mask unpleasant taste (correct)
  • Increased bioavailability

Why is ethyl acetate unsuitable as a solvent for pharmaceutical preparations?

<p>It is not Generally Recognized as Safe (GRASS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with adding many different excipients to a product?

<p>Increased potential for incompatibilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do pharmaceutical solutions offer in terms of administration to patients who have difficulty swallowing?

<p>Already in solution for easy ingestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pharmaceutical applications, these are the role of purified water except?

<p>Alternative to non-volatile oils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes pharmaceutical solutions preferable for indicating the amount of medicine consumed to patients?

<p>Clear labeling on packaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-aqueous solvent mentioned in the text?

<p>Sterile water for injection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the formation of a complex have on the solubility of a product?

<p>Increases solubility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to adjust the amount of sucrose in a medicated syrup?

<p>To prevent capping, which leads to recrystallization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do syrups need a high concentration of sucrose to be self-preserved?

<p>To prevent the need for adding preservatives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with the dilution of a syrup formulation?

<p>Decrease in the concentration of sucrose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if a syrup formulation is not adequately preserved?

<p>Increased risk of microbial growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to consider other components in a syrup formulation when determining the final concentration of sucrose?

<p>To ensure proper consistency and stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does recrystallization have on the quality of a syrup formulation?

<p>Degrades the overall quality and appearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of talc as a dispersing aid in pharmaceutical applications?

<p>Absorbing excess oil essence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for talc to be asbestos free in pharmaceutical applications?

<p>To avoid contamination of the product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes aromatic waters like peppermint water and rose water in pharmaceutical use?

<p>They serve multiple functions like flavoring and perfuming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between talc acting as a dispersing agent and as a clarifying agent?

<p>Dispersing agent absorbs oil essence, while clarifying agent filters the solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes elixirs in terms of their composition for oral use?

<p>Pleasantly flavored with a syrup base and alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between spirits and tinctures?

<p>Spirits contain only volatile substances, while tinctures may contain non-volatile substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are aromatic waters prepared?

<p>By distillation or solution of the aromatic substance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between spirits and aromatic waters?

<p>Spirits have a very distinct aroma due to the volatile substances present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the composition of tinctures?

<p>Tinctures are less concentrated than spirits but may or may not contain volatile substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes tinctures from aromatic waters?

<p>Tinctures can contain non-volatile substances, while aromatic waters cannot. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect are spirits and tinctures similar?

<p>Both can be prepared as hydroalcoholic solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of otic solutions, based on the text?

<p>The packaging includes a small orifice for easy dropwise administration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nasal solutions required to be isotonic, according to the text?

<p>To prevent cilia irritation in the nasal passages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common vehicle used in oral solutions, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Polyols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution is suitable for topical application to the skin or mucous membranes?

<p>Topical solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do tonicity adjusters like NaCl and Dextrose play in nasal solutions?

<p>Ensure isotonicity with body fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nasal solutions differ from oral solutions in terms of administration?

<p>Nasal solutions are administered through instillation or spraying into the nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must irrigating solutions be sterile even though they are not used parenterally?

<p>To reduce the risk of sepsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes parenteral solutions from other types of solutions mentioned in the text?

<p>They can be injected directly into the blood vessel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ophthalmic solutions required to be sterile and particle-free?

<p>To prevent sepsis from eye infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason nebulizers are used for inhalation solutions?

<p>To transform the solution into small droplets for lung penetration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nebulized drugs intended to pass through the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs?

<p>To target specific areas in the lungs for systemic effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes parenteral injections into muscles (intramuscular) from injections into veins (intravenous)?

<p>Different speed of absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an evacuation enema and a retention enema?

<p>The intended effects on the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for enema solutions to be refrigerated once dissolved?

<p>To reduce microbial attack (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a vaginal douche?

<p>Cleansing or antiseptic agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nasal douches required to be isotonic?

<p>To prevent damage to nasal tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using an eye douche?

<p>Cleansing the eye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes gargles from mouthwashes?

<p>The method of application (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are liniments non-aqueous?

<p>To ensure they stay on the skin for a longer period of time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a counterirritant in liniments?

<p>To provide a different sensation than pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should collodions be preserved in a tight container?

<p>To prevent them from evaporating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes flexible collodion different from other collodions?

<p>It contains camphor and castor oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is salicylic acid added to collodions?

<p>For its keratolytic effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using collodion as a waterproof covering for stitched incisions?

<p>It prevents infection and promotes healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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