Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Quiz

Drug Classification

• Drugs are categorized based on physical state, route of administration, site of application, and uses.
• Physical state includes solid, semi-solid, liquid, and gaseous forms.
• Routes of administration include oral, parenteral, sublingual, intra-respiratory, urethral, vaginal, rectal, intra-ocular, conjunctival, and intra-nasal.
• Sites of application include skin, eye, tooth, hand, foot, hair, and nasal.

Solid Dosage Forms

• Powders: Micron-sized, finely fragmented particles.
• Tablets: Medication in solid form, optionally with excipients.
• Granules: Aggregated particles.
• Capsules: Gelatin containers for drugs.
• Pills: Small tablets containing excipients.
• Lozenges: Sugar and gum-based solids for mouth and throat.
• Suppositories: Solid dosage for body cavities (rectum, nose, ear).

Semisolid Dosage Forms

• Ointments: Ointment-based semisolid for external use, may or may not contain medications.
• Creams: Semisolid external forms with an appropriate fatty basis, with or without medication.
• Pastes: Semisolid forms with a significant proportion of finely powdered medicaments.
• Gels: Hydrophilic or hydrophobic bases with gelling agents, transparent semisolid forms for external use.

Liquid Dosage Forms

• Elixirs: Liquid formulations for oral administration, containing excipients and medicaments.
• Emulsions: Water-based suspensions of oils and fats, using an emulsifying agent.
• Suspensions: Active components dispersed in a suitable medium, for oral administration, stable after shaking.
• Gargles: Externally applied concentrated aqueous solutions for treating throat infections.
• Lotions: External liquid preparations generally applied without friction.
• Liniments: External liquid preparations applied with friction.
• Mixtures: Liquid preparations containing one or more medications.
• Mouthwashes: Aqueous solutions for oral cleanliness and treating infections.
• Nasal Drops: Liquid solutions instilled into the nose for treatment of infections and blockages.
• Solutions: Liquid medicines for internal or external use.
• Syrups: Sweet, viscous, concentrated liquid medicines, optionally with sugar and medicaments.

Gaseous Dosage Forms

• Aerosols: Solid or liquid particles dispersed in gas for application to the respiratory tract.
• Inhalations: Pharmaceutical liquid preparations for internal use, dispersed or suspended in a propellant.
• Sprays: Application of alcohol-containing medication aerosols to the nose or throat.

Factors Influencing Drug Action

• Age
• Body weight
• Metabolic rate
• Illness
• Psychological aspects (placebo effect).
• Tolerance/Dependence
• Cumulative effect

Drug Action and Adverse Reactions

• Drugs have a desired effect, but can also cause undesirable side effects.
• Adverse reactions can include allergic reactions (hives, itching, edema) and anaphylactic reactions (respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse).

Drug Interactions

• Drugs can interact with other drugs, foods, and juices.

Six Rights of Medication Administration

• Right drug
• Right time
• Right dose
• Right patient
• Right route
• Right documentation

Other Topics

• Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: The physical forms of medicines formulated for patient administration.
• Reasons for Different Dosage Forms: To improve administration, ensuring product stability, and enhancing drug efficiency based on patient needs.
• Advantages of Topical Dosage Forms: Target delivery, reduced side effects, and easy application
• Advantages of Parenteral Dosage Forms: Suitable for non-orally absorbed drugs, avoiding first-pass metabolism, rapid onset of action and complete bioavailability
• Advantages of Liquid Dosage Forms: Easy swallowing for elderly/children, enhanced taste via flavors, adjustable dose for different age groups
• Advantages of Solid Dosage Forms: Stability, accurate dosing, easy administration, possibility of combination therapy
• Factors when selecting a dosage form: Age and condition of the patient, route of administration, properties of the drug substance, and stability of the drug product.