Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of excipients in pharmaceutical dosage forms?

To reduce the overall efficacy of medicinal agents

To enhance the therapeutic effects of drug substances

To provide unique physical and pharmaceutical characteristics to the dosage forms (correct)

To replace active pharmaceutical ingredients in formulations

Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of solid dosage form?

Tablet

Capsule

Powder

Emulsion (correct)

What purpose do enteric-coated tablets serve?

To release the drug immediately upon ingestion

To protect the drug from degradation by gastric acid (correct)

To facilitate rapid absorption into the bloodstream

To mask the taste of the drug during oral administration

What is a characteristic feature of monophasic liquid dosage forms?

Have a uniform and homogenous structure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for formulating drugs as dosage forms?

To protect the drug from environmental factors such as oxygen or humidity Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a biphasic liquid dosage form?

Requires suspension or emulsion for stability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dosage form includes creams and ointments?

Semi-solid dosage forms Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about topical dosage forms is accurate?

Topical dosage forms are applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of providing liquid preparations like suspensions?

To stabilize insoluble or unstable substances in a vehicle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of solubility?

It indicates the maximum concentration that can be achieved when a solute is added to a solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What allows a solution to be described as saturated?

The maximum amount of solute has been dissolved at a given temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent?

The interaction of solute-solvent attractions and temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a medication requiring controlled-release action?

A variety of controlled-release tablets and capsules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of topical medications such as ointments and creams?

They facilitate optimal drug action when applied to the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What role does agitation play in preparing a saturated solution?

It helps to dissolve a maximum amount of solute in the solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes injectable medications from other forms of drug administration?

They are placed directly in the bloodstream or body tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the solubility of weak bases is correct?

Weak bases form water-soluble salts when reacted with strong acids. Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to organic medicines classified as weak acids when the pH is decreased?

They precipitate out of solution. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of compounds is likely to be insoluble in water?

KBr and AgCl Signup and view all the answers

Why are hydroxides typically insoluble in water unless they contain alkali metal cations?

The solute-solute interactions in hydroxides are too strong. Signup and view all the answers

According to the general rules of solubility, which of the following cation/anion combinations is most likely to be water-soluble?

MgCl2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compound types generally has exceptions to their solubility in water?

Sulfates and thiosulfates Signup and view all the answers

What effect do strong acids have on the solubility of alkaloids?

They increase the solubility of alkaloids significantly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about monovalent cations and anions?

Monovalent cations and anions usually form water-soluble compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the solubility of organic molecules is correct?

A polar functional group typically enhances solubility up to five carbons. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do auxiliary solvents like glycerin possess?

They may serve as stabilizers in pharmaceutical solutions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of rubbing alcohol?

It is mostly employed as a rubefacient externally. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about fixed oils used as solvents is correct?

Fixed oils can be useful solvents for preparing oleaginous injections. Signup and view all the answers

Which solvent is primarily composed of water and ethanol?

Diluted Alcohol, NF Signup and view all the answers

Why is water often preferred as a solvent for pharmaceutical solutions?

It typically meets safety and compatibility requirements better than other solvents. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of alcohol as a solvent enhances its effectiveness?

It forms a hydroalcoholic mixture with water to dissolve both alcohol-soluble and water-soluble substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the solubility of organic molecules with increased molecular weight?

Higher molecular weight always increases solubility. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT primarily used for the preparation of Purified Water, USP?

Filtration method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Water for Injection, USP?

To manufacture injectable products that will be sterilized after preparation Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between Purified Water, USP and Water for Injection, USP?

Water for Injection, USP may not contain added substances Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resins are involved in the Ion Exchange method of water purification?

Water-insoluble synthetic resins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Purified Water, USP is TRUE?

It contains 1% as much dissolved solids as tap water. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of water purified by reverse osmosis?

It removes approximately 90 to 99% of ions. Signup and view all the answers

Why is ordinary drinking water unsuitable for pharmaceutical preparations?

It may contain dissolved solids that could cause chemical incompatibilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum acceptable limit of dissolved solids in Water for Injection, USP?

1 mg/100 mL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dosage Forms and Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Dosage forms combine drug substances (APIs) with excipients (inactive ingredients) to create safe, convenient, and effective drug delivery systems.
Excipients enhance solubility, suspension, thickening, dilution, emulsification, stabilization, preservation, and provide color or flavor.
Dosage forms are classified by route of administration (e.g., oral, topical, parenteral) and physical form (e.g., solid, liquid, semi-solid, gas).

Liquid Dosage Forms

Monophasic: solutions and syrups
Biphasic: suspensions and emulsions

Solid Dosage Forms

One Unit: tablets and capsules
Bulk: powders, granules, and dusting powders

Semisolid Dosage Forms

Gels, pastes, creams, and ointments

Gaseous Dosage Forms

Inhalers and aerosols

Reasons for Dosage Forms

Provide a mechanism for safe and accurate drug delivery.
Protect the drug from degradation by oxygen, humidity, or gastric acid.
Mask unpleasant tastes or odors.
Allow for liquid formulations of insoluble or unstable drugs.
Control drug release rates.
Optimize drug action from topical sites.
Deliver drugs rectally or vaginally.
Facilitate intravenous or intramuscular injections.
Optimize drug action through inhalation.

Solubility

The solubility of a substance in a particular solvent determines the maximum concentration achievable.
Saturated solution: a solvent that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature.
The solubility of a substance can be influenced by factors like temperature, pH, and the presence of other substances.

General Rules of Solubility for Inorganic Molecules

Monovalent ions: typically water soluble (e.g., NaCl, KI).
One monovalent ion: usually water soluble (e.g., BaCl2, Na2SO4).
Multivalent ions: may have poor water solubility (e.g., CaSO4, BaSO4, but exceptions exist).
Alkali metal salts: generally water soluble (exception: Li2CO3).
Ammonium and quaternary ammonium salts: water soluble.
Nitrates, nitrites, acetates, etc.: usually water soluble (exceptions: silver and mercurous acetate).
Sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates: generally water soluble (exceptions: calcium and barium salts).
Chlorides, bromides, iodides: water soluble (exceptions: salts of silver and mercurous ions).
Acid salts: more water soluble than the corresponding insoluble salt.
Hydroxides and oxides: generally water insoluble (except those of alkali metal cations and ammonium ion).
Sulfides: water insoluble (except alkali metal salts).
Phosphates, carbonates, silicates, etc.: water insoluble (except alkali metal and ammonium salts).

General Rules of Solubility for Organic Molecules

One polar functional group: soluble up to five carbons.
Branched chains: more soluble than straight chains.
Molecular weight: solubility decreases with increasing weight.
Structural similarity: higher similarity between solute and solvent leads to increased solubility.

Official Solvents

Alcohol, USP (Ethanol): common solvent for organic compounds.
Diluted Alcohol, NF: equal parts alcohol and purified water.
Alcohol, Rubbing: ~70% ethyl alcohol, used externally.
Glycerin (Glycerol): viscous liquid with preservative, stabilizer, and solvent properties
Propylene Glycol: viscous liquid, often substitutes glycerin.
Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol: external use.
Purified Water, USP: used in aqueous dosage forms, must be free from contaminants and pyrogens.
Water for Injection, USP: purified by distillation or reverse osmosis, used in injection preparations.

Solvents and Vehicles for Injections

Water for Injection, USP: most commonly used solvent in large-scale injection manufacturing, pyrogen-free.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various pharmaceutical dosage forms and their ingredients. This quiz covers definitions, classifications, and functionalities of solid, liquid, semisolid, and gaseous dosage forms. Explore how excipients play a vital role in drug delivery systems.