Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between syrups and elixirs?
What is the main difference between syrups and elixirs?
- Syrups contain alcohol while elixirs do not.
- Elixirs are always opaque, whereas syrups are clear.
- Syrups are more concentrated than elixirs.
- Syrups are sweetened solutions, while elixirs are both sweetened and contain alcohol. (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of suppositiories?
Which of the following is a characteristic of suppositiories?
- They are solid dosage forms meant for insertion into the body. (correct)
- They are taken orally.
- They can only contain liquid medications.
- They dissolve in blood upon ingestion.
What is the primary purpose of humectants in formulations?
What is the primary purpose of humectants in formulations?
- To enhance flavoring of the product.
- To maintain moisture in the product. (correct)
- To act as preservatives.
- To increase the viscosity of the product.
Which of the following best describes posology?
Which of the following best describes posology?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a semi-solid dosage form?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a semi-solid dosage form?
Flashcards
Syrups vs. Elixirs
Syrups vs. Elixirs
Syrups are concentrated, sweetened solutions of medicinal substances dissolved in purified water, usually flavored, while elixirs are clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions, often containing a flavoring agent to mask the taste of the active ingredient.
Types of Semi-Solid Dosage Forms
Types of Semi-Solid Dosage Forms
Semi-solid dosage forms are characterized by their viscosity and ability to spread, being classified into four main types: Ointments (thick, greasy), creams (lighter, more spreadable), gels (contain gelling agents), and pastes (thick, stiff).
Fried's and Clark's Formulas
Fried's and Clark's Formulas
Fried's formula adjusts dosage for children based on their age compared to an adult's age, while Clark's formula uses their weight in pounds. These formulas aim to provide an appropriate dosage for children based on their developmental stage.
Sedimentation Volume
Sedimentation Volume
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What is a Suppository?
What is a Suppository?
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Study Notes
Section A
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Differentiate between syrups and elixirs: Syrups are concentrated solutions of sugar in water containing medicinal agents. Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions.
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Classify semi-solid dosage forms: Examples include ointments, creams, gels, pastes, and suppositories.
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Fried's and Clark's formula: These are used to calculate dosage of drugs and are key in pharmaceutical calculation.
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Define sedimentation volume: A process in which particles settle in a liquid.
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Define Suppositories: Solid dosage forms designed to be inserted into body orifices.
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How co-solvents improve solubility: Co-solvents can increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs by creating a more suitable environment for dissolution.
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Determine 80% v/v alcohol: Convert 80% v/v alcohol to proof spirit.
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List Indian Pharmacopoeia editions: List the last three editions of the Indian Pharmacopoeia
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Define effervescent and efflorescent powders: Effervescent powders are designed to release CO2 gas when in water, efflorescent powders usually lose water of crystallization when exposed to air, resulting in a change in their physical state.
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What are humectants? Substances that attract and retain moisture from surrounding environments. Examples include glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol.
Section B
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Therapeutic and physical incompatibility: Describes the incompatibilities that may occur between different drugs. Explains interactions that might negatively affect the drug properties.
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History of pharmacy: The historical development of pharmacy, including key developments, figures, and milestones.
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Excipients in liquid dosage forms: Diverse ingredients used in liquid preparations to enhance stability, taste, or other properties.
Section C
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Explaining various scopes of pharmacy: Various aspects of pharmaceutical practice, including dispensing, research, and manufacturing.
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Syrup formulation and preparation: Detailed description, including ingredients, ratios, and methods. Includes the preparation processes.
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Solubility enhancement techniques: Various methods used for improving the solubility of drugs that don't easily dissolve in water.
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Evaluation of semi-solid dosage forms: Explains procedures for evaluating semi-solid dosage form properties like uniformity, drug content and stability across different conditions.
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Calculating ointment proportions: Calculation to determine how to measure the correct amounts of different ointment strengths in order to produce a defined quantity of a particular ointment strength.
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Emulsions and suspensions: Defining these, discussing their characteristics and methods to identify their type.
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Posology and factors: Posology is the study of drug dosages. Factors affecting posology include patient traits, the specific drug and drug interactions.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in pharmaceutical dosage forms, including the differences between syrups and elixirs, classifications of semi-solid forms, and critical formulas like Fried's and Clark's for drug dosage calculations. It also includes definitions and important aspects regarding solubility and the Indian Pharmacopoeia.
