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Questions and Answers
What describes the responsibility of a pharmacist?
What describes the responsibility of a pharmacist?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a solution in pharmaceutical terms?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a solution in pharmaceutical terms?
Which dosage form is specifically described as a concentrated aqueous solution of sugar?
Which dosage form is specifically described as a concentrated aqueous solution of sugar?
What is NOT a route of administration for pharmaceutical dosage forms?
What is NOT a route of administration for pharmaceutical dosage forms?
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Which of the following ancient pharmacists is known for their contributions to pharmacy?
Which of the following ancient pharmacists is known for their contributions to pharmacy?
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What are the main ingredients of elixirs?
What are the main ingredients of elixirs?
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Which of the following statements best describes tinctures?
Which of the following statements best describes tinctures?
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What is the primary purpose of gargles?
What is the primary purpose of gargles?
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What characterizes a suspension?
What characterizes a suspension?
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Which statement about emulsions is correct?
Which statement about emulsions is correct?
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Study Notes
Pharmacy Orientation - PT 101 Lecture No. 7
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Course Objectives: Upon completing this course, students will be able to:
- Describe the mission of pharmacy, role of pharmacist in society, and essential skills for becoming a pharmacist.
- Compare various pharmacy careers and educational requirements.
- Identify pharmaceutical dosage forms and administration routes.
- Read prescriptions and detect medication errors.
- Perform pharmaceutical calculations accurately.
- Understand prescription contents.
- Learn about ancient Arabic pharmacists and their contributions.
Liquid Dosage Forms
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Solutions: Homogenous mixtures formed by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas in a liquid solvent. Solvent molecules surround solute molecules.
- Syrups: Concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar (usually sucrose). Used to mask unpleasant tastes.
- Elixirs: Sweetened hydro-alcoholic solutions containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Mostly ethanol and water.
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Suspensions: Two-phase systems with finely divided solid dispersed in a liquid. Insoluble drugs are often formulated this way.
- Advantages: Easy to swallow for patients with swallowing issues, suitable for insoluble/poorly soluble drugs, can mask unpleasant taste, stable in aqueous medium.
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Emulsions: Two immiscible liquids, one dispersed uniformly throughout the other.
- Dispersed phase: Liquid in small droplets (internal/discontinuous)
- Continuous Phase: Other liquid (external/continuous)
- Examples: Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions (oil dispersed in water), Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions (water dispersed in oil).
- Advantages: Can increase stability of unstable drugs in aqueous solutions, Improve appearance of oily materials suitable for topical applications, Can provide prolonged drug action.
- Disadvantages: Oils are prone to rancidity.
Other Dosage Forms
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Tinctures: Alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions containing herbal extracts.
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Gargles: Aqueous solutions used to treat/prevent throat infections. Usually come concentrated and the patient dilutes it with water before use.
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Mouthwashes: Similar to gargles but for oral hygiene and treating oral infections.
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Nasal solutions: Delivered as drops or sprays to the nasal passages. Can treat nasal congestion or have a systemic effect on multiple diseases.
Sterile Dosage Forms
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Parenteral Preparations (Injectable Preparations): Sterile dosage forms containing one or more medicaments designed for injection.
- Injections: Sterile solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. Classified as aqueous or non-aqueous.
- Powders for injections: Sterile solid substances dissolved or suspended in a prescribed amount of sterile fluid for use immediately.
- Intravenous infusions: Sterile aqueous solutions or emulsions, pyrogen-free, and usually isotonic with blood, administered in larger volumes (>10-15 mL).
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Ophthalmic Preparations: Sterile, isotonic, buffered products designed for instillation into the eye. These include solutions, suspensions, and ointments.
Prescriptions
- Prescriptions: Orders for medication from a licensed physician, dentist, or other healthcare professional
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Pharmacist's Responsibilities:
- Provide pharmaceutical care meeting the patient's needs.
- Educate patients on proper medication use and compliance.
- Advise physicians of any patient sensitivities, previous reactions, or other medications for interactions or safety.
- Build trust with both the patient and physician
Classification of Medications
- Prescription Medications: Those that require a prescription.
- Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications: Medications available for purchase without prescription.
References
- Aulton's Pharmaceutics
- Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems
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Description
This quiz covers the essentials of Pharmacy Orientation, focusing on the roles and skills required to become a pharmacist. It highlights various pharmacy careers, dosage forms, and medication management skills necessary for pharmacy practice. Students will also explore historical contributions from ancient Arabic pharmacists.
