PF1010 Pharmaceutical Physicochemical Principles

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Questions and Answers

The active drug molecule is referred to as the ______.

API

Chemistry, Physics, and ______ chemistry are integral to understanding physicochemical principles.

physical

The ______ law of thermodynamics relates to the conservation of energy.

first

The process by which drugs bind to proteins in tissues is through ______.

receptors Signup and view all the answers

A ______ point represents a unique set of conditions where phases coexist in equilibrium.

eutectic Signup and view all the answers

The ______ rule is used to understand the behavior of chemical potential in mixtures.

phase Signup and view all the answers

The study of how concentration affects hydrogen ion concentration is related to ______.

pH Signup and view all the answers

The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of ______ and free energy.

entropy Signup and view all the answers

The ______ strength of an ionic solution helps determine the activity of ions.

ionic Signup and view all the answers

The course PF1010 includes materials such as PDFs of lecture slides and ______ of lectures.

recordings Signup and view all the answers

Thermodynamics is the study of the energy of physical and chemical ______.

systems Signup and view all the answers

A ______ formulation is a system of multiple phases and components governed by thermodynamics.

dosage Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a homogenous portion of physical material bounded by interfaces.

phase Signup and view all the answers

In thermodynamics, a ______ is defined as a chemical 'ingredient' of the system.

component Signup and view all the answers

Examples of equilibrium processes include binding of drugs to ______ or enzymes.

receptors Signup and view all the answers

Pharmaceutical analysis often utilizes techniques like ______ chromatography to measure partitioning between phases.

gas Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the defined part of the physical world under study in thermodynamics.

system Signup and view all the answers

The rest of the physical world, which includes areas affected by changes to the system, is referred to as the ______.

surroundings Signup and view all the answers

Thermal Analysis is used to study ______ transfers in pharmaceutical systems.

enthalpy Signup and view all the answers

Equilibrium constants are measures of ______ activity in various pharmaceutical processes.

pharmacological Signup and view all the answers

Components may be partitioned between various ______.

phases Signup and view all the answers

The process is then at ______.

equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

React a of A with b of B to form ______ and D.

C Signup and view all the answers

The law of mass action defines the relationship between the concentrations of ______ and products.

reactants Signup and view all the answers

The symbol means that the process occurs in ______ directions.

both Signup and view all the answers

Drugs may be partitioned between an aqueous medium and a ______ medium.

lipid Signup and view all the answers

Equilibrium constant (Keq) is defined for the process involving ______ concentrations.

component Signup and view all the answers

In the equilibrium expression, stands for the concentration of component .

C Signup and view all the answers

Equilibrium processes are subject to the law of mass ______.

action Signup and view all the answers

The equilibrium is dynamic, meaning that the overall amounts of A, B, C, and D stay the same, but the ______ is still ongoing.

process Signup and view all the answers

The definition of the equilibrium constant is represented as 𝐾𝑒𝑞 = [DHAP] / [G3P]. Here, [G3P] is equal to ______.

0.002 M Signup and view all the answers

The initial concentration of G3P was 0.05 M, and after reaching equilibrium, the concentration was ______.

0.002 M Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction at 25 °C, 𝐾𝑒𝑞 for G3P is calculated to be ______.

24 Signup and view all the answers

The equilibrium constant for the isomerisation of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is ______.

0.428 Signup and view all the answers

The concentration of DHAP at equilibrium is calculated to be ______.

0.048 M Signup and view all the answers

M is short for ______, which is the unit used to express concentration in this context.

moles per litre Signup and view all the answers

Pharmaceutical systems include medicines and dosage formulations of ______ and excipients.

APIs Signup and view all the answers

Ligands and receptors, enzymes and substrates/inhibitors are examples of ______.

biochemical interactions Signup and view all the answers

The key issue in pharmaceutical systems is structure and ______.

stability Signup and view all the answers

For a reaction, when the equilibrium constant is inverted, it results in 𝐾𝑒𝑞 ______ to 𝐾𝑒𝑞 right → left.

left Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

PF1010 Module Objective

This module introduces the physicochemical principles of pharmaceutical systems, including formulations of APIs and excipients, drug binding to receptors, enzyme binding to substrates, and cellular structures.

Physicochemical Principles

These principles involve aspects of chemistry, physics, and physical chemistry that influence the structure, stability, and function of pharmaceutical systems.

Thermodynamics and Pharmaceutical Systems

Pharmaceutical systems consist of multiple phases and components governed by thermodynamics and process equilibria.
Examples of equilibrium processes include drug binding to receptors or enzymes, biochemical reactions in metabolism, manufacturing of APIs, and formulation processes.
Many measures of pharmacological activity rely on equilibrium constants.

Components and Phases in Pharmaceutical Systems

System: a defined part of the physical world under study.
Surroundings: the rest of the physical world that is affected by changes in the system.
Phase: a homogenous portion of physical material bounded by interfaces.
Component: a chemical ingredient of the system.

Equilibrium in Pharmaceutical Systems

Pharmaceutical systems can have many components and phases, like APIs, excipients, solid phases, liquids, and gases.
Components may be partitioned between different phases.
The system reaches a dynamic equilibrium where the overall amounts of components remain constant, but the processes continue in both directions.

Law of Mass Action and Equilibrium Constants

The law of mass action describes the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentrations of reactants and products.
The equilibrium constant (Keq) quantifies the relative amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium.
The value of Keq depends on the stoichiometries of the reactants and products.

Examples of Pharmaceutical Processes and Equilibria

Drug Partitioning: Drugs can partition between aqueous and lipid mediums, with a partition coefficient (P) describing the equilibrium.
Biochemical Reactions: Reactions like the isomerization of G3P to DHAP have equilibrium constants that can be calculated from the concentrations of reactants and products.

Structure and Stability of Pharmaceutical Systems

Key issues in pharmaceutical systems are the structure and stability of components, including APIs, excipients, and biomolecules.
The structure and stability of pharmaceutical systems are crucial for their efficacy and safety.

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Description

Explore the physicochemical principles that govern pharmaceutical systems in the PF1010 module. This quiz covers topics such as drug binding, thermodynamics, and the stability of formulations. Delve into the essential aspects of chemistry and physics that influence drug development and metabolism.