Pesticide Application Training Manual Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of repellents in pest control?

  • To keep pests away from an area (correct)
  • To kill pests on contact
  • To enhance pest reproduction
  • To attract beneficial organisms

Which type of insecticide requires contact with the insect's body to be effective?

  • Repellents
  • Stomach poisons
  • Natural pesticides
  • Contact poisons (correct)

What is a common application technique for indoor insect control?

  • Fumigation (correct)
  • Soil treatment
  • Chemical free methods
  • Planting repellent plants

What distinguishes obligate parasites from facultative saprophytes?

<p>Obligate parasites cannot live as saprophytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should one consider the effects of pesticides on natural enemy organisms?

<p>They help in pest prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of pest control?

<p>Suppression to an acceptable level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which life stage of insects is typically the most difficult to control?

<p>Egg and pupal stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant disease agents are unable to survive as facultative saprophytes?

<p>Obligate parasites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant concern for the Romans regarding plant diseases?

<p>Cereal rusts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes arachnids from insects?

<p>Having eight legs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these practices is NOT a recommended aspect of indoor insect control?

<p>Relying solely on outdoor pesticides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about crustaceans like sowbugs and pillbugs?

<p>They possess wings for movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of adult insects that influences the timing of control measures?

<p>They are often responsible for the most damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pest control, which type of mouthparts do mites and ticks have?

<p>Piercing-sucking mouthparts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue when controlling larger insects?

<p>They are more resistant to pesticides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the life cycle of insects?

<p>Larvae have six legs, transitioning to eight legs as nymphs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fungi primarily composed of?

<p>Multi-celled thread-like filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do most fungi reproduce?

<p>By spores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of Mycoplasma-Like Organisms (MLO’s)?

<p>They are obligate parasites. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about MLO diseases is true?

<p>They can lead to yellowing and stunting in plants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fungal spores from seeds?

<p>Spores can remain viable for years. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which structure are some spores borne?

<p>Fruiting bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method for transferring MLO’s from one plant to another?

<p>Leafhoppers or grafting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential treatment for MLO diseases?

<p>Antibiotics, particularly tetracycline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of eradication in plant disease management?

<p>To remove or destroy pathogens that are established (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice involves growing plants in conditions where the pathogen is inactive?

<p>Avoidance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT an example of sanitation?

<p>Using systemic fungicides for existing infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is therapy in the context of plant disease management?

<p>The use of heat to rid seeds of infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using disease-resistant varieties?

<p>They are a cost-effective way to control plant diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of planting susceptible crops in predisposed fields?

<p>Higher chances of disease outbreaks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might therapy be considered impractical or costly in some situations?

<p>If multiple treatments are necessary and lengthy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is critical to managing seedborne diseases in propagation materials?

<p>Employing certified, clean seed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of annual plants?

<p>They grow and produce seeds in one year or less. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biennial plant?

<p>Pennycress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bulbous perennials can reproduce by which of the following methods?

<p>By seed, bulblets, or bulbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between summer and winter annuals?

<p>Summer annuals sprout in spring, while winter annuals sprout in fall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of perennial reproduces by rhizomes or stolons?

<p>Creeping perennials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a biennial plant's life cycle?

<p>It grows for two years, producing seeds in the second year. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of grass seedlings?

<p>They emerge with multiple leaves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are predominantly categorized as pest plants on land?

<p>Grasses, sedges, or broadleaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of perennials?

<p>They develop a large tap root and compact cluster of leaves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes sedges?

<p>They have triangular stems and three rows of leaves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of algae is classified as plankton?

<p>Microscopic plants floating in water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do submergent plants differ from emergent plants?

<p>Submergent plants grow entirely below the water surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do broadleaf plants have regarding herbicide absorption?

<p>They have a thick outer layer on their leaves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes perennial broadleaf plants from annuals?

<p>Perennials can grow points on both stems and roots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes rapid blooms in plankton algae?

<p>Favorable growing conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about yellow and purple nutsedge is true?

<p>They produce rhizomes and tubers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does topography have on pest populations?

<p>It restricts the spread of many pests due to landscape features. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element of biological control in pest management?

<p>The introduction of naturally occurring enemies like predators and pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does soil type influence pest populations?

<p>Certain pests can thrive only in heavy, poorly drained soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pest populations when their food supply is exhausted?

<p>They typically die or become inactive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of biological control?

<p>There is always a time lag between pest and control population increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can enhance biological control effectiveness?

<p>Introducing more of a pest's natural enemies into the target area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly affects the life cycle of many pests?

<p>The availability of water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In biological control, what role do pheromones play?

<p>They are used to alter pest behavior or development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily used for confirming the identity of a virus?

<p>ELISA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common transmission method for viruses that cause plant diseases?

<p>Insect vectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes bacteria?

<p>They reproduce by cellular division. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental condition is essential for the germination of fungal spores?

<p>High humidity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true regarding fungi?

<p>All fungi can reproduce every 30 minutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do aphids and leafhoppers serve in the context of plant diseases?

<p>They are vectors for viruses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of viruses compared to bacteria and fungi?

<p>Viruses lack the ability to live freely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition allows bacteria to reproduce rapidly?

<p>Ideal conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for commercial pesticide applicator certification?

<p>Must be at least 18 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance is commercial certification not necessary for applying restricted use pesticides?

<p>When authorized under a private applicator certification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the requirements for applying pesticides?

<p>Veterinarians can apply pesticides without certification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be completed in order to apply or supervise pesticide applications?

<p>General Standards portion of the exam must be passed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a pesticide according to the information provided?

<p>A substance used to kill harmful pests or diseases in crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group does not typically require commercial certification to apply restricted use pesticides?

<p>Private applicators using chemicals on their property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a condition that allows for the application of restricted use pesticides?

<p>By anyone over the age of 16 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is necessary before one can apply or supervise pesticide applications legally?

<p>Meeting state and federal competency standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to obtain certification for restricted use pesticides?

<p>Submit a completed application and pass the General Exam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'certified commercial applicator' refer to?

<p>A certified individual who supervises the use of restricted pesticides on any property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must a certified pesticide applicator renew their certification?

<p>Every two years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a certified private applicator?

<p>To use or supervise restricted pesticides on their own property or another property for personal trade of services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an applicant fails the specific category exam for pesticide certification?

<p>They can retake the exam by paying an additional fee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pesticide classification requires a certified applicator for use?

<p>Restricted Use Pesticide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of pests can the application for certification pertain to?

<p>Any pest including weeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What option is NOT available for recertification as described?

<p>Completing a workshop on advanced pest control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines emergent plants in aquatic environments?

<p>Plants that grow rooted in the bottom and extend above the water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of parasitic seed plants?

<p>They reproduce primarily through vegetative means. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aquatic plant is characterized by having all or part of the plant floating on the surface?

<p>Floating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes macroscopic freshwater algae from vascular aquatic plants?

<p>Freshwater algae do not have true roots, stems, or leaves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aquatic plant grows in close stands and can spread by vining and twining?

<p>Marginal plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs represents examples of floating aquatic plants?

<p>Duckweeds and waterlilies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of grass plants typically die back and become dormant in fall?

<p>Perennial grasses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about filamentous algae?

<p>They can form floating mats or string-like structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method of eradication in plant disease management?

<p>Fumigating or steaming soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does avoidance in plant disease management refer to?

<p>Planting in times or places when pathogens are absent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of using disease-resistant varieties?

<p>They effectively reduce the incidence of certain diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes therapy in plant disease management?

<p>Curing or reducing disease severity in infected plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of planting susceptible crops in predisposed fields?

<p>Higher likelihood of disease outbreaks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is often used to treat infected wheat seeds?

<p>Heat therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sanitation include in terms of plant disease management?

<p>Removal of infected volunteer plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important consideration in field selection for planting crops?

<p>Historical disease prevalence in the area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Arachnids

Animals that have eight legs and two body regions, with no wings or antennae. They undergo gradual metamorphosis, beginning as larvae, then becoming nymphs, and finally adults.

Controlling insects in late stages

The most effective time to control insect pests is often during their late instar or adult stages, when they are most visible and causing the most destruction.

Crustaceans

Animals that have fourteen legs and one segmented body region, with no wings and two pairs of antennae. They usually have chewing mouthparts.

Controlling insects

Insects and other insect-like pests can be effectively controlled by understanding their life cycles and targeting the most vulnerable stages.

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Eradication

The process of completely eliminating pests from a specific area, often applied to smaller, contained spaces or in efforts to prevent the spread of foreign pests into a new region.

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Suppression

The practice of reducing the population of pests to a level where their presence or damage is acceptable.

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Prevention

Preventing the infestation of pests in an area, often used in situations where the goal is to keep pests out of a specific area.

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Insect-like pests

Groups of animals that have similarities in their characteristics, such as body structure, life cycle, and habits. Examples of insect-like pests include mites, ticks, spiders, sowbugs, pillbugs, centipedes, and millipedes.

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Repellents

Pesticides that keep pests away from a specific location or host.

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Direct Poisons

Pesticides that work by poisoning one or more life systems in the pest.

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Stomach Poisons

These pesticides are ingested by the pest and cause harm.

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Contact Poisons

These pesticides harm insects through direct contact with their bodies.

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Facultative Saprophytes

Organisms that live on dead plant tissue but can also live on living plants.

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Obligate Parasites

Organisms that can only live on living plant tissue.

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Infectious Plant Diseases

Plant diseases spread from one plant to another.

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Scientific Names for Plant Pathogens

All plant pathogens have standard scientific names in Latin.

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What are hyphae?

Fungi are organisms often made of branching, thread-like structures called hyphae. These hyphae absorb water and nutrients for the fungus to grow.

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What are fungal spores?

Spores are tiny structures produced by fungi, similar to seeds, that are important for reproduction. They can vary in size, shape, and color.

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What are fruiting bodies in fungi?

Fruiting Bodies are structures produced by fungi that often hold spores. They can be various shapes, from flask-like to disk-shaped.

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What are MLOs?

Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) are a type of bacteria that lack a cell wall. They are obligate parasites, meaning they need a host to survive, and can cause disease in plants.

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What are MLO diseases?

MLO diseases are caused by bacteria that lack a cell wall (MLOs) and infect plants. They often cause discoloration, stunted growth, and extra shoots.

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How are MLO diseases treated?

Unlike viruses, MLOs can be treated with antibiotics, especially tetracycline.

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Give two examples of MLO diseases.

Aster yellows and elm phloem necrosis are examples of diseases caused by MLOs.

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What are viruses?

Viruses are tiny particles that can infect living organisms, including plants. They can cause a variety of symptoms, including discoloration, stunted growth, and leaf distortions.

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Annual Plants

Plants that complete their life cycle in one year or less, growing from seed, maturing, producing seed, and dying within a year.

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Summer Annuals

Annuals that sprout in the spring, grow, mature, produce seed, and die before winter.

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Avoidance

The practice of growing plants in places or at times when the pathogen is inactive, rare, or absent. This can involve choosing a planting date when a pathogen is less active, or selecting a location where the pathogen is not prevalent.

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Winter Annuals

Annuals that sprout in the fall, grow, mature, produce seed, and die before summer.

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Therapy

The process of curing a disease or lessening the severity of a disease in a plant that is already infected. This can involve using systemic fungicides or heat therapy to stop the development of fungi or pathogens that have already infected the plant.

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Biennial Plants

Plants that complete their life cycle in two years, growing from seed, maturing, producing seed, and dying in the second year.

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Perennial Plants

Plants that live for more than two years, often producing flowers and seeds repeatedly.

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Disease resistant varieties

The practice of using plants that are resistant to specific diseases. This is one of the most effective and economical ways to control plant diseases and reduces the need for other disease control measures.

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Sanitation

The practice of removing or destroying a pathogen after it has become established in an area. This involves various methods such as removing infected volunteer plants, destroying weed hosts, fumigating or steaming the soil, and rogueing diseased plants.

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Bulbous Perennials

Perennial plants that reproduce from seeds, bulblets, or bulbs.

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Planting Date

The timing of planting can have a significant impact on pest control, including disease, insect, and weed management. Choosing the right planting date can minimize exposure to pests and reduce the likelihood of infection or infestation.

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Creeping Perennials

Perennial plants that reproduce from seeds and also produce rhizomes (underground stems) or stolons (above-ground stems that produce roots).

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Field Selection

Different types of fields can be predisposed to certain plant diseases. Understanding the field conditions and the diseases that may be more prevalent in a specific type of field can help in selecting the best location for planting susceptible crops.

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Simple Perennials

Perennials that reproduce mainly by seeds, but also from root pieces left by cultivation.

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Disease-free Seed or Propagation Materials

Numerous diseases are carried in seeds or infected planting stock. Ensuring that seed and planting material are certified and clean, free of most seedborne pathogens, is crucial for disease prevention.

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Grass vs Broadleaf Growing Points

Grasses have a sheath-covered growing point below the soil surface, while broadleaves have exposed growing points at the ends of stems and leaf axils.

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What are sedges?

Sedges are similar to grasses, with triangular stems and three rows of leaves. They are often found in wet areas.

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Where do perennial broadleaves grow?

Perennial broadleaf plants can have growing points on roots and stems both above and below the soil surface.

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What are nutsedges?

Yellow and purple nutsedge are perennial weeds that reproduce using rhizomes (underground stems) and tubers (underground storage organs).

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Herbicide Sensitivity in Submerged Plants

Submerged aquatic plants, like watermilfoil and pondweeds, have a thin outer layer making them very vulnerable to herbicides.

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What are algae?

Algae are aquatic plants without true stems, leaves, or vascular systems. They can cause blooms that make the water look cloudy or colored.

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What are plankton algae?

Plankton algae are microscopic plants that float in water. They can reproduce rapidly and cause blooms.

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Herbicide Resistance in Emergent/Floating Plants

Emergent and floating plants have a thick outer layer on stems and leaves, making them less susceptible to herbicides compared to submerged plants.

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Study Notes

Pesticide Application Training General Manual

  • This manual is a self-teaching guide for pesticide applicators preparing for the commercial certification exam.
  • The manual covers general standards, as well as specific application topics.
  • A pesticide is defined as any substance used to prevent, destroy, control, repel, or mitigate pests, including weeds, plant regulators, defoliants, and desiccants.
  • Restricted Use Pesticides require a certified applicator.
  • Commercial applicators need to meet certain standards of competency.
  • Certification procedures require being at least 18 years old, completing an application, passing a general exam and a specific category/subcategory exam, and paying fees.
  • Certification expires December 31 of the second calendar year after issue.
  • Recertification can be achieved by passing a relevant general manual exam or participating in an approved applicator training meeting.
  • A Kansas Pesticide Business License is also needed.
  • Certification in other states may not satisfy Kansas requirements.

Pests and Pest Control

  • Pests include those that compete with humans for food, feed, or water, injure people/property, spread diseases, or create annoyance.
  • Pests broadly categorize into: insects and related animals, plant disease agents, weeds, mollusks, and vertebrates.
  • Pest control methods aim for prevention, suppression, or eradication of pest populations.
  • Different environmental factors influence pest populations including climate (temperature, rainfall, humidity), topography, soil type, food, and water availability, and the presence of natural enemies.
  • Control methods used include host resistance, biological control (natural enemies), cultural practices, mechanical means (traps, barriers), sanitation, and chemical treatments (pesticides).
  • Pesticide resistance is a significant concern when pesticides are repeatedly used.

Certification Procedures

  • Minimum age to qualify for certification is 18 years.
  • Completed application forms are required.
  • Successful completion of a General exam (as per this manual) and one or more category/subcategory exam is required.
  • Required Application and exam fees are payable.
  • A Certificate and pocket card are issued.
  • Certification lapses on December 31st, of the second calendar year after issue date.
  • Recertification is available.
  • The manual contains directions for using the manual, other relevant terms, and topics not directly related to user's application work (this pertains to all applicator categories).

Labels and Labeling

  • Pesticide labels include information about the product (manufacturer name, address).
  • Federal/State laws regulate pesticide production, use, storage and disposal.
  • Labels provide information necessary for use safely.
  • The product labels include: brand, trade, or product names: full chemical names and percentages for active ingredients; inert ingredients (quantities).
  • Warning labels (DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION) and specific action statements associated with it.
  • Labels that are part of the Worker Protection Standard.

Application Equipment

  • Proper selection of application equipment is important for effective pesticide use.
  • Various types of sprayers, dusters and granular applicators are available.
  • Calibration procedures for ensuring proper application rates are required for each type of application equipment.
  • The equipment needs to be cleaned after each use, to prevent contamination or other problems.
  • The chemicals may be extremely hazardous to humans and other organisms.

Pesticide Formulations

  • Pesticide formulations contain active ingredients and inert ingredients (solvents, emulsifiers) used for safety and ease of use.
  • Different formulations (emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, ultra-low volume concentrates, etc.) have different advantages and disadvantages based on type of pest and target area.
  • Calibration procedures vary based on the formulation.

Protecting the Environment

  • Improper pesticide use can cause environmental harm.
  • Pesticides can injure nontarget organisms such as beneficial insects/wildlife by direct contact, drift, and runoff.
  • Pesticide movement offsite can contaminate air, water (surface and groundwater), and soil.
  • Proper use and disposal methods are critical to prevent environmental problems.
  • Label directions are crucial for safe handling, application, storage, and disposal of pesticides.

Laws and Regulations

  • There are federal and state laws that regulate the manufacture and sale of pesticides.
  • Kansas requires a pesticide business license.
  • Separate categories of pesticide applicators exist depending on application type (e.g., agricultural, forestry).
  • Applicators must adhere to specific labels and regulations.
  • Proper disposal methods are important to ensure safe use and reduce contamination.
  • Knowledge of and adherence to federal, state, and local regulations about handling pesticides, safe storage, and disposal are crucial.

Pesticide Safety

  • Protecting oneself while handling pesticides is crucial.
  • Pesticides can enter the body through: mouth, skin, lungs
  • Various protective equipment is necessary (respirators, gloves, etc.)
  • Proper washing technique is important.
  • Proper storage methods are important to avoid accidental damage to health or property.
  • Disposal of unused and used containers is important to avoid contaminating the environment.

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Kansas State General Pesticide Application Training Manual PDF

Description

This quiz supports your learning using the Pesticide Application Training General Manual. It covers key topics essential for commercial certification, including pesticide definitions, application standards, and certification requirements. Test your knowledge and get ready for the exam.

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