Questions and Answers
A ___________ pesticide is one that remains in the environment without breaking down.
Persistent
Even though persistent pesticides remain in the environment, they do not always accumulate in animals or plants.
True
An ___________ ____________ is a plant or animal that is near extinction throughout all or most of its range.
Endangered species
Which of the following is not a process that causes pesticides to break down after applications?
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Pesticides that degrade ___________ in the environment are the least hazardous.
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Sometimes even small environmental changes can greatly reduce the chances of survival for fish and wildlife.
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When a pesticide evaporates and moves off target, this is called _____________ ______________.
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Which of these factors does not influence drift?
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Which of these additional factors does not influence drift?
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Why should honeybees be protected?
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Pesticide residues can build up in the bodies of animals, including man.
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Only pesticides that are applied incorrectly are likely to move downward with rain or irrigation water into the water table below.
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A pesticide becomes a pollutant and potentially dangerous when it is applied at a higher dose than recommended on the label or when it drifts off target.
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How should you change pressure to reduce liquid droplet drift?
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What are the possible consequences of pesticide drift onto forage and pastureland or into drinking water?
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Pesticide pollution can help a pest you are trying to destroy by killing predators and parasites of the pest.
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An __________ is a geologic formation of permeable rock, sand, or gravel that stores large amounts of water.
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Why are aquifers important?
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What is the name given to the complex prey/predator cycle in which all animals (including man) take part?
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If unsupervised, you must have a license to legally work with restricted pesticides, but not to work with state-limited pesticides.
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To legally perform structural pest control, you must have a license regardless of the kinds of pesticides you use.
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Which is not an agency that shares responsibility for pesticide applicator training, certification, and licensing?
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Which license must be obtained by a person who wants to perform pest control as an employee of a privately owned apartment building or hospital?
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To work for hire, using restricted or state-limited pesticides on another person's land, you must have:
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All licensed commercial and noncommercial applicators must be certified in each application category in which they practice.
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Which of the following is not among the TDA application categories?
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Which of the following is not among the SPCS application categories?
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Which of the following state agencies is not involved in pesticide regulations?
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Under the Texas Pesticide Law, pesticides used in this state must be registered with the TDA, even if they are already registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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_______ ________ is your responsibility to inform nearby residents or adjacent landowners before you apply pesticides.
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In addition to the state government, even county commissioners' courts may set rules on the use of certain pesticides.
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Even with a commercial applicator license, you must still obtain a spray permit before using regulated herbicides.
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Specialty fertilizer in containers with capacities of 50 pounds or less that are labeled for ornamental and turf use are exempt from classification as state-limited-use pesticides or regulated herbicides.
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The Texas Structural Pest Control Act requires you to give public notice at least ______ hours before commencing indoor pesticide treatments.
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Which agency enforces the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act?
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What is the full name and acronym of the federal agency that regulates pesticides?
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What is the full name and acronym of the law used to manage pesticides?
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Which of the things below is NOT something the EPA must do before a pesticide may be marketed in the U.S.?
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Which two answers are penalties defined by FIFRA for applicators who violate the law?
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Does FIFRA allow prison terms for criminal (intentional) violators?
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What are regulations?
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What is an endangered species?
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Which federal agency determines what species are endangered?
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Who ultimately bears the responsibility of protecting endangered species from pesticides?
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_________ is the capacity of a substance to injure or poison a living system, such as a human being, an animal, a lake, or a forest.
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What is pesticide exposure?
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_________ _________ refers to how poisonous a pesticide is after short-term exposure.
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_________ _________ is a one-time or short-term contact with pesticide.
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__________ __________ is a delayed poisonous effect from exposure to a substance.
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_________ _________ is long-term repeated contact with pesticides.
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The effects of which type of exposure—acute or chronic—can be more easily detected and studied?
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A pesticide dose is the _________ of pesticide of which a surface, plant, or animal is exposed.
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Name the three routes by which pesticides can enter your body.
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Some pesticides are poisonous no matter how they enter the body.
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Which pesticide solution is most likely to be absorbed through the skin?
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Which areas of the body absorb pesticides quickly?
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Which two routes of entry are likely to be the most important to you?
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Which factor affects the toxicity of a pesticide?
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An example of a chronic effect is the drop in __________, an essential body enzyme, caused by organophosphates and carbamates.
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___________ effects occur at the site of contact with a pesticide while ___________ effects occur away from the point of contact.
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Skin rash, nausea, eye irritation, and dizziness are examples of ___________ toxic effects.
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LD 50 means 'lethal dose fifty' it refers to the amount of chemical that kills __________ the animals exposed to it in a laboratory test.
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The smaller the LD 50 value, the less chemical required to be fatal, so the more poisonous the pesticide.
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Acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity are measured as LD 50. The higher the LD 50 the ___________ (more or less) toxic the pesticide.
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How is LD 50 used?
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LC 50 means 'lethal _________ fifty.' It refers to the amount of chemical in the air that caused half of the test animals to die when they inhaled it.
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Six milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) is equal to __________ parts per million.
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What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as 'relatively non-toxic'?
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What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as 'Highly toxic'?
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What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as 'Slightly toxic'?
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What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as 'moderately toxic'?
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The toxicity of a substance is its ability to cause injury, while __________ is the risk or chance that harm will come from using the pesticide.
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Is a highly toxic material always very hazardous?
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Which of the statements below is not true about a pesticide deposit?
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Which of the statements below is not true about a pesticide residue?
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A __________ is the maximum amount of pesticide residue allowed on a harvested crop, set by the EPA.
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Can a harvested crop contain more than the set tolerance of a pesticide and still be legally sold?
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What margin of safety ('safety factor') does the EPA use to set tolerances?
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Food may have no residues at all because the residues may have degraded or the crop may have been treated with a minimum dose of a pesticide.
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Soil and plant surfaces may contain pesticide residue even when they are not directly sprayed with the pesticide.
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EPA sets two kinds of tolerances: __________ __________ tolerances for pesticides that indirectly contact food; and tolerances for pesticides applied directly for food.
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'Preslaughter interval' or 'preharvest interval' refers to the ____________ number of days allowed between the last pesticide application and the slaughter or harvest day.
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No pesticide may be bought, sold, or used in the U.S until it has federal registration for the product, the use and the label.
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Sometimes even small environmental changes can greatly reduce the chances of survival for fish and wildlife.
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When a pesticide evaporates and moves off target, this is called __________ __________.
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Which of these additional factors does not influence drift?
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Which of these additional factors does not influence drift?
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Why should honeybees be protected?
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Pesticide residues can build up in the bodies of animals, including man.
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Only pesticides that are applied incorrectly are likely to move downward with rain or irrigation water into the water table below.
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A pesticide becomes a pollutant and potentially dangerous when it is applied at a higher dose than recommended on the label or when it drifts off target.
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How should you change pressure to reduce liquid droplet drift?
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What are the possible consequences of pesticide drift onto forage and pastureland or into drinking water?
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Pesticide pollution can help a pest you are trying to destroy by killing predators and parasites of the pest.
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An ___________ is a geologic formation of permeable rock, sand, or gravel that stores large amounts of water.
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Why are aquifers important?
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What is the name given to the complex prey/predator cycle in which all animals (including man) take part?
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The best protection against groundwater pollution is __________?
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At what level is man in the food chain?
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An __________ pesticide is one that builds up in animal and plant tissues.
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Study Notes
Licensing and Regulation
- A license is required to work with restricted pesticides if unsupervised, but not for state-limited pesticides.
- Structural pest control requires a license, regardless of pesticide type used.
- The Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) and the Texas Structural Pest Control Service (SPCS) are key agencies for pesticide training and licensing.
- Noncommercial license from SPCS is necessary for pest control employees in privately owned residences or hospitals.
- To apply pesticides for hire on another's land, a commercial license from TDA is mandatory.
- All licensed applicators must be certified in their application categories.
Pesticide Categories and Registration
- TDA application categories exclude "wood preservation."
- SPCS application categories do not include "seed treatment."
- Pesticides must be registered with TDA even if already registered with the EPA.
- Specialty fertilizers in containers of 50 pounds or less for ornamental use are exempt from certain classifications.
Environmental and Safety Regulations
- Pesticide applicators must notify residents before applying pesticides.
- Local government can enforce regulations on pesticide use.
- A spray permit is necessary even with a commercial license for regulated herbicides.
- The Texas Structural Pest Control Act mandates public notice 48 hours before indoor treatments.
Toxicity and Exposure
- Toxicity is the capacity of a substance to harm living systems.
- Pesticide exposure refers to contact with pesticides, while acute toxicity relates to short-term effects from exposure.
- Chronic effects are long-term consequences of repeated pesticide contact, including reduced cholinesterase levels from specific chemicals.
- LD50 measures the lethal dose for 50% of test animals; lower values indicate higher toxicity.
Regulations and Environmental Impact
- EPA regulations determine pesticide tolerances and the safety factor, which is typically set at 100 times the level for consumption.
- Excessive pesticide use may result in environmental contamination and negative impacts on wildlife.
- Regulations necessitate federal registration before pesticides can be marketed.
Drift and Residue Management
- Vapor drift occurs when pesticides evaporate and move off-target.
- Various factors influence pesticide drift including particle size, wind speed, and humidity.
- Pesticide residues may persist even without direct application and can build up in animal tissues.
Animal and Plant Safety
- Endangered species face extinction risks partially due to pesticide use.
- Responsibility for protecting these species falls on pesticide applicators.
- Honeybees play a vital role as pollinators, necessitating their protection from harmful pesticides.
Definitions to Remember
- Toxicity: Ability to cause injury.
- Hazard: Risk of harm from using a pesticide.
- Accumulative pesticide: Builds up in tissues.
- Persistent pesticide: Remains in the environment without breaking down.
- Acute exposure: Short-term contact with pesticides.
- Chronic exposure: Long-term contact with pesticides.### Pesticide Application and Pollution
- Pesticides can contaminate water tables regardless of correct application practices.
- Over-application or off-target drift of pesticides turns them into pollutants, raising safety concerns.
Droplet Management
- Reducing pressure increases the size of liquid pesticide droplets, which helps in minimizing drift.
Consequences of Pesticide Drift
- Pesticide drift can harm people, pets, and livestock due to exposure.
- It can destroy pasture grasses and cause illegal residues in milk or meat from contaminated cattle.
- Drinking water sources may become hazardous due to pesticide contamination.
Biological Impact of Pesticide Use
- Pesticide pollution can unintentionally aid pests by eliminating their natural predators and parasites.
Aquifers
- An aquifer is defined as a geologic formation comprising permeable rock, sand, or gravel capable of storing large amounts of water.
- Aquifers are vital because they serve as primary drinking water sources for many people.
Ecosystem Relationships
- The intricate prey/predator cycle, involving all living organisms, including humans, is referred to as the food chain.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the legal requirements and regulations surrounding pesticide application in Texas. This quiz covers essential facts important for pesticide applicators, including licensing and agency responsibilities. Perfect for those preparing for certification or refresher training.
