Personality Assessment: Observation Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of uncontrolled, or naturalistic, observation?

  • It allows for precise control over variables
  • It provides a high level of objectivity
  • It is a highly invasive method of observation
  • It is a cost-effective method of observation (correct)

    • What type of observational procedure involves the observer participating in the situation being observed?

  • Content analysis
  • Situational testing
  • Self-observation
  • Participant observation (correct)

    • What is used to improve the objectivity and efficiency of observations?

  • Situational testing
  • Self-observation
  • Content analysis
  • Electronic recording and analysis (correct)

    • What is the primary limitation of uncontrolled, or naturalistic, observation?

    <p>It is not objective or scientifically useful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to analyze self-observations obtained from diaries and other personal documents?

    <p>Content analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of observational procedure involves creating a detailed record of one's own behavior?

    <p>Self-observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most widely employed and accepted method of personality assessment?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of observation involves observing people in a natural, everyday setting?

    <p>Uncontrolled observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of training teachers to make objective observations of schoolchildren's behavior?

    <p>To create accurate anecdotal records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of uncontrolled observation in psychology research?

    <p>Observing children on a playground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between uncontrolled and controlled observation?

    <p>The degree of structure and manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some people engage in casual or informal observation of others?

    <p>Because it is a natural human tendency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of attitude measurement in research?

    <p>Investigating social psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of attitude scales published in the research literature?

    <p>Few have been published, but most are fully described</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which researchers assembled a comprehensive collection of attitude scales?

    <p>Shaw and Wright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of attitude scales compared to standardized tests of cognitive abilities?

    <p>They are less reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common coefficient range for Thurstone- and Likert-type scales?

    <p>.80s and .90s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a topic of research that has been investigated using attitude measurement?

    <p>The role of attitudes in intergroup relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Observations of Behavior

    • Observations of behavior is one of the oldest and most precise methods of personality assessment
    • Observations can be formal or informal, controlled or uncontrolled, depending on the purpose and situation
    • Uncontrolled, or naturalistic, observation is the most common and least expensive form of observation

    Types of Observations

    • Participant observation: the observer is a participant in the situation being observed
    • Situational testing: observation in a realistic but prearranged situation under frustrating circumstances
    • Self-observation: the individual makes a detailed record of their own behavior

    Improving Objectivity and Efficiency

    • Methodological procedures can improve objectivity and efficiency, such as:
      • Subject, time, and incident sampling
      • Electronic recording and analysis
      • Careful training of observers

    Attitude Measurement

    • Attitude measurement is a significant application in social psychology research
    • Examples of problems investigated through attitude measurement include:
      • Group differences in attitudes
      • Role of attitudes in intergroup relations
      • Background factors associated with attitude development
      • Interrelation of attitudes
      • Experimental alteration of attitudes through interpolated experiences

    Attitude Scales

    • Few attitude scales have been published, but many are fully described in research literature
    • Examples of attitude scales include:
      • Thurstone-type scales
      • Likert-type scales
      • Scales for measuring alienation, anomie, self-esteem, and locus of control
    • Reliabilities of standardized instruments are lower than those of standardized tests of cognitive abilities, but often reach into the .80s and .90s.

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    Description

    Learn about the different methods of observing behavior for personality assessment, including formal and informal, controlled and uncontrolled observations.

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