Personality and Emotions in Organizational Behavior

• Personality and emotions are key topics in organizational behavior
• This chapter defines personality, identifies its major factors, and describes the Big Five personality traits
• It also defines felt and displayed emotions

What is Personality

• Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person's whole psychological system
• It encompasses how an individual reacts to and interacts with others

Personality Determinants

• Heredity refers to factors determined at conception, such as the molecular structure of genes located in chromosomes
• Personality Traits are characteristics like being shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid

Major Theoretical Approaches to Personality

• Psychodynamic Approach looks at id, ego, and superego
• Behavioral Approach examines environmental factors, rewards, and punishment
• Humanistic Approach focuses on individual experience
• Trait Approach looks at traits and characteristics
• Biological Approach considers genetics and biology

Key Importance of Understanding Personality

• Understanding personality is critical for organizational behavior research and practice
• Hiring employees with the right personality traits improves the fit between the individual and the organization, leading to better job performance and lower turnover
• Understanding employees' personalities allows organizations to design jobs that match preferences and strengths, increasing employee engagement and job satisfaction
• Personality traits influence behavior in leadership and team management roles
• Understanding personality traits helps organizations tailor training and development programs to meet individual needs
• Personality traits shape organizational culture, making understanding personality essential for managing organizational change

Development of Personality

• Environmental Influences play a role in development of personality
• Cultural Factors play a role in development of personality
• Cognitive and Behavioral Processes play a role in development of personality
• Biological Factors play a role in development of personality

Personality Frameworks

• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a framework
• The Big Five Personality Model is a framework
• The Dark Triad is a framework

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

• The MBTI is a 100-question personality test assessing how people typically feel or act
• Individuals are classified as extroverted or introverted
• Extraverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive, while introverts are quiet and shy
• Sensing types prefer routine and order, focusing on details
• Intuitive types rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture
• Thinking types use reason and logic, while feeling types rely on personal values and emotions
• Judging types prefer control, order, and structure, while perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous
• INTJs are visionaries
• ESTJs are organizers
• ENTPs are conceptualizers

The Big Five Personality Model

• Extraversion is a dimension describing someone sociable, gregarious, and assertive
• Agreeableness describes someone good-natured, cooperative, and trusting
• Conscientiousness describes someone responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
• Emotional stability characterizes someone calm, self-confident, and secure versus nervous, depressed, and insecure
• Openness to experience describes someone imaginative, sensitive, and curious
• Emotional stability is relevant because it leads to less negative thinking, fewer negative emotions, and reduced hypervigilance
• Extraversion is relevant because it leads to better interpersonal skills, greater social dominance, and more emotionally expressive
• Openness is relevant because it leads to increased learning, creativity, and flexibility
• Agreeableness is relevant because it may lead to being better like and more compliant
• Conscientiousness is relevant because it may lead to greater effort, drive and discipline
• Emotional stability may affect to higher job and life satisfaction, lower stress levels, and adaptability to change
• Extraversion may affect higher performance, enhanced leadership, and job and life satisfaction
• Openness may affect Enhanced Training and Performance and enhanced leadership
• Agreeableness may affect higher performance and lower levels of deviant behavior
• Conscientiousness may affect High performance and greater longevity

Dark Triad

• Machiavellianism involves a manipulative approach to relationships, focusing on one's goals and disregarding morality
• Narcissism is an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy
• Psychopathy is a lack of remorse or guilt, impulsive behavior, and disregard for social norms and the well-being of others

Felt vs Displayed Emotion

• Felt emotions refer to an individual's actual emotions
• Displayed emotions refer to emotions an individual expresses

Emotional Labour

• Displaying inconsistent emotions with true feelings has potential consequences
• Consequences may include emotional dissonance
• Consequences may include reduced job satisfaction
• Consequences may include Decreased performance
• Consequences may include strained relationships
• Consequences may include Burnout

Emotion Dimensions

• Valence refers to the positive or negative quality of an emotion
• Arousal refers to the intensity or activation level of an emotion
• Dominance refers to the perceived level of control a person feels
• Intensity is the strength or magnitude of an emotional experience
• Appraisal is how an individual evaluates a situation or event, triggering emotional responses
• Categorization involves categorizing emotions based on primary themes or causes

Impacts of Emotions in the Workplace

• Positive emotions increase motivation, while negative emotions decrease it
• Emotions bias decision-making by influencing how information is processed
• Positive emotions can lead to more creative thinking and problem-solving
• Positive emotions lead to better teamwork, while negative emotions lead to conflicts and tension
• Service providers who manage their emotions effectively provide a positive experience for customers

An overview of personality and emotions, key topics in organizational behavior. Definition of personality, its major factors, and the Big Five personality traits are covered. It also defines felt and displayed emotions.