Organizational Behavior Chapter 3: Personality and Emotions PDF

Faculty of Business and Management CHAPTER 3 PERSONALITY AND EMOTIONS LEARNING OUTCOME In this chapter, the students are expected to: – Define personality and explain its relevance for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. – Identify the major factors that contribute to the deve...

Faculty of Business and Management CHAPTER 3 PERSONALITY AND EMOTIONS LEARNING OUTCOME In this chapter, the students are expected to: – Define personality and explain its relevance for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. – Identify the major factors that contribute to the development of personality and analyze their relative importance. – Describe the Big Five personality traits and their relevance for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. – Define felt and displayed emotions and analyze their potential impact on workplace outcomes. – Identify and describe the different dimensions of emotion and explain their relevance for understanding emotional experiences in the workplace. WHAT IS PERSONALITY – Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. – The sum of how an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Heredity Personality traits Personality -Refers to those factors that were Shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, Determinants determined at conception. ambitious, loyal, and timid. -The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.  Psychodynamic Approach - id, ego, superego Behavioural Approach - environmental Major factors – rewards and punishment Theoretical Humanistic Approach – individual experience Approaches on Trait Approach – traits and characteristics Personality Biological Approach – genetics and biology  Understanding personality is critical for organizational behavior research and practice for several reasons. Key Importance of Understanding Personality Environmental Influences Cultural Factors Development of Personality Cognitive and Behavioural Processes Biological Factors  BASIC OB MODELS PERSONALITY FRAMEWORKS The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator The Big Five Personality Model The Dark Triad The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator – 100-question personality test asks people how they usually feel or act in situations. – Individuals are classified as: – Extroverted or Introverted (E or I) - Extraverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet and shy. – Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)- Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order, and they focus on details. Intuitives rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture. – Thinking or Feeling (T or F)- Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions. – Perceiving or Judging (P or J)- Judging types want control and prefer order and structure. Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous. – INTJs are visionaries. – ESTJs are organizers. – ENTPs are conceptualizers. Extraversion - A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive. Agreeableness - A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting. Conscientiousness - A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized. Emotional stability - A personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, and secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative). Openness to experience - A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity. The Big Five Personality Model  – Machiavellianism: manipulative and exploitative approach to interpersonal relationships, a focus on achieving one's own goals, and a disregard for morality – Narcissism: inflated sense of self-importance, a Dark Triad need for admiration, and a lack of empathy – Psychopathy: lack of remorse or guilt, impulsive behavior, and a disregard for social norms and the well-being of others. EMOTIONAL LABOR  Felt Emotions refer to an individual's actual emotions or the emotions that they are experiencing internally Displayed Emotions FELT VS refer to the emotions that an individual expresses or DISPLAYED shows to others. EMOTION Displaying emotions inconsistent with one's true feelings can have several potential consequences, both for the individual and the work environment. Some of these consequences include: -Emotional dissonance -Reduced job satisfaction -Decreased performance -Strained relationships -Burnout EMOTION Emotions can be categorized based on different dimensions. It is important to note that emotions are complex and can have multiple dimensions Some of the most well-known dimensions include: – Valence - refers to the positive or negative quality of an emotion. – Arousal - refers to the intensity or activation level of an emotion. – Dominance - refers to the perceived level of control a person feels in a particular emotional state. – Intensity - the strength or magnitude of an emotional experience – Appraisal - how an individual evaluates a situation or event, which then triggers specific emotional responses. – Categorization - categorized based on their primary themes or underlying causes. Emotions – Motivation and Decision-Making