Pathway 13-7-8 PERCEPTION Final Step - THALAMUS TO CORTEX
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of administering triazolam ?

  • To achieve sedation during surgery
  • To provide anxiolysis comparable to diazepam (correct)
  • To enhance pain relief during dental procedures
  • To increase patient alertness post-surgery
  • What should patients be advised against using concurrently with oral triazolam?

  • Chocolates
  • Grapefruit juice (correct)
  • Vitamin supplements
  • Caffeine
  • Which enzyme is inhibited by furanocoumarins from grapefruit juice, affecting triazolam's metabolism?

  • Cytochrome P450 1A2
  • Cytochrome P450 2D6
  • Cytochrome P450 2C19
  • Cytochrome P450 3A4 (correct)
  • What is a necessary precaution for patients who have received triazolam before their dental procedure?

    <p>They must arrange transportation to and from the dental office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must drug-drug interactions be considered when administering triazolam?

    <p>Because of interactions with other centrally acting agents like opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in shaping a patient's response to a new pain stimulus?

    <p>Memories of previous pain experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure is responsible for sending pain information to the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a patient's anxiety level during dental treatment affect their experience of pain?

    <p>It may increase the tendency to recall the treatment as painful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method was found effective in reducing dental anxiety before treatment?

    <p>Providing positive written information about pain control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance has been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety in a dental setting?

    <p>Nitrous oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control a patient's anxiety prior to endodontic treatment?

    <p>To alter the physiological response to pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the sensory cortex is noteworthy concerning orofacial regions?

    <p>It reflects a large portion of sensory cortical input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after treatment can patients still recall their experience as painful or unpleasant?

    <p>18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Perception of Pain

    • Pain is perceived in the cerebral cortex.
    • A large portion of the sensory cortex is dedicated to input from the orofacial region.
    • Higher-order cortical processes influence how patients perceive pain.
    • Past pain experiences shape how patients assess and respond to pain.

    Anxiety and Pain Perception

    • Patient anxiety can affect pain perception and memory of the pain experience.
    • Patient anxiety levels during dental treatment influence the perception of pain as well as the memory of the experience.
    • Providing patients with positive information about pain control during endodontic treatment can decrease anxiety.
    • Pharmacologic interventions, like benzodiazepines, can reduce anxiety but may need to be considered in context with other medications the patient is taking.
    • Grapefruit juice can prolong the half-life of triazolam (a benzodiazepine), as it inhibits the enzyme involved in metabolizing the drug in the liver.
    • Patients prescribed triazolam should be advised to avoid grapefruit juice.

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