Pain Perception and Nociceptors
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of Bradykinin in pain perception?

  • Inhibition of TRPM8 channels
  • Inhibition of inflammatory response
  • Vasodilation and plasma extravasation to increase blood flow (correct)
  • Activation of PKC and PKA

What is the role of TRPV1 channels in pain perception?

  • Detection of itch stimuli
  • Detection of heat and inflammatory mediators (correct)
  • Detection of tactile stimuli
  • Detection of cold temperatures

What is the effect of PKA and PKC activation on metabotropic receptors?

  • Desensitization of metabotropic receptors
  • Inhibition of metabotropic receptors
  • Activation of metabotropic receptors (correct)
  • No change in metabotropic receptors

What is the role of 5-Ht in pain signaling?

<p>Activate nociceptors and increase bradykinin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic pain on GABA's inhibitory function?

<p>GABA's inhibitory function is decreased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of glial cell activation in chronic pain?

<p>Withdrawal of glutamate receptors on astrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of central sensitization in chronic pain?

<p>Increased dendritic sprouting in nociceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in pain signaling?

<p>Releasing other inflammatory mediators to activate nociceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following TRP channels with their associated stimuli:

<p>TRPV1 = Heat TRPM8 = Cold TRPV2 = Mechanical stress TRPA1 = Chemical irritants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following neurotransmitters with their effects in pain signaling:

<p>CGRP = Vasodilation and inflammatory response Histamine = Vasodilation and plasma extravasation Bradykinin = Vasodilation and plasma extravasation PKA = Increased CREB activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following molecules with their roles in pain signaling:

<p>PKA = Activates metabotropic reception PKC = Activates metabotropic reception CGRP = Triggers inflammatory response Bradykinin = Increases blood flow to the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following compounds with their effects on nociceptors:

<p>Capsaicin = Activates TRPV1 Menthol = Activates TRPM8 Histamine = Increases plasma extravasation Bradykinin = Increases blood flow to the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in pain signaling:

<p>Inflammatory soup = Array of chemicals released after injury or in chronic pain Metabotropic receptors = Activated by PKA and PKC Nociceptors = Sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli Peripheral sensitization = Increased sensitivity of nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their functions in pain signaling:

<p>Prostaglandin = Activate nociceptors and lower pain thresholds GABA = Inhibit pain in the periphery and spinal cord Cytokines = Release other inflammatory mediators and sensitize nociceptors Glutamate = Excitatory transmitter released by nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cells with their roles in chronic pain:

<p>Astrocyte = Involved in chemical regulation between neurons in the CNS GABA interneuron = Should control communication between primary afferent and projection neurons Glial cell = Activated by inflammatory soup, leading to chronic pain Nociceptor = Release glutamate and trigger pain signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathways with their effects on pain:

<p>Central sensitization = Increase pain perception by producing LTP-like potentiation in the spinal cord Disinhibition = Lead to increased pain due to loss of GABA's inhibitory function LTP = Involved in learning and memory in the brain Nociceptor activation = Triggers release of inflammatory soup and pain signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their effects on pain signaling:

<p>5-Ht = Activate nociceptors and increase bradykinin Endogenous opioids = Shut down pain signaling at the site of injury GABA = Inhibit pain in the periphery and spinal cord Glutamate = Excitatory transmitter released by nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their effects on pain perception:

<p>Dendritic sprouting = Increase pain perception by increasing glutamate release Cellular tolerance = Lead to decreased glutamate uptake and increased pain Central sensitization = Increase pain perception by producing LTP-like potentiation in the spinal cord Nociceptor sensitization = Increase pain perception by increasing bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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