Pain Perception and Nociceptors

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What is the role of Bradykinin in pain perception?

Inhibition of TRPM8 channels

Inhibition of inflammatory response

Vasodilation and plasma extravasation to increase blood flow (correct)

Activation of PKC and PKA

What is the role of TRPV1 channels in pain perception?

Detection of itch stimuli

Detection of heat and inflammatory mediators (correct)

Detection of tactile stimuli

Detection of cold temperatures

What is the effect of PKA and PKC activation on metabotropic receptors?

Desensitization of metabotropic receptors

Inhibition of metabotropic receptors

Activation of metabotropic receptors (correct)

No change in metabotropic receptors

What is the role of 5-Ht in pain signaling?

Activate nociceptors and increase bradykinin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic pain on GABA's inhibitory function?

GABA's inhibitory function is decreased (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of glial cell activation in chronic pain?

Withdrawal of glutamate receptors on astrocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of central sensitization in chronic pain?

Increased dendritic sprouting in nociceptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in pain signaling?

Releasing other inflammatory mediators to activate nociceptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following TRP channels with their associated stimuli:

TRPV1 = Heat TRPM8 = Cold TRPV2 = Mechanical stress TRPA1 = Chemical irritants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following neurotransmitters with their effects in pain signaling:

CGRP = Vasodilation and inflammatory response Histamine = Vasodilation and plasma extravasation Bradykinin = Vasodilation and plasma extravasation PKA = Increased CREB activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following molecules with their roles in pain signaling:

PKA = Activates metabotropic reception PKC = Activates metabotropic reception CGRP = Triggers inflammatory response Bradykinin = Increases blood flow to the affected area Signup and view all the answers

Match the following compounds with their effects on nociceptors:

Capsaicin = Activates TRPV1 Menthol = Activates TRPM8 Histamine = Increases plasma extravasation Bradykinin = Increases blood flow to the affected area Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in pain signaling:

Inflammatory soup = Array of chemicals released after injury or in chronic pain Metabotropic receptors = Activated by PKA and PKC Nociceptors = Sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli Peripheral sensitization = Increased sensitivity of nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their functions in pain signaling:

Prostaglandin = Activate nociceptors and lower pain thresholds GABA = Inhibit pain in the periphery and spinal cord Cytokines = Release other inflammatory mediators and sensitize nociceptors Glutamate = Excitatory transmitter released by nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cells with their roles in chronic pain:

Astrocyte = Involved in chemical regulation between neurons in the CNS GABA interneuron = Should control communication between primary afferent and projection neurons Glial cell = Activated by inflammatory soup, leading to chronic pain Nociceptor = Release glutamate and trigger pain signaling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathways with their effects on pain:

Central sensitization = Increase pain perception by producing LTP-like potentiation in the spinal cord Disinhibition = Lead to increased pain due to loss of GABA's inhibitory function LTP = Involved in learning and memory in the brain Nociceptor activation = Triggers release of inflammatory soup and pain signaling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their effects on pain signaling:

5-Ht = Activate nociceptors and increase bradykinin Endogenous opioids = Shut down pain signaling at the site of injury GABA = Inhibit pain in the periphery and spinal cord Glutamate = Excitatory transmitter released by nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their effects on pain perception:

Dendritic sprouting = Increase pain perception by increasing glutamate release Cellular tolerance = Lead to decreased glutamate uptake and increased pain Central sensitization = Increase pain perception by producing LTP-like potentiation in the spinal cord Nociceptor sensitization = Increase pain perception by increasing bradykinin Signup and view all the answers