Perception and Attribution Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three factors that influence the determination of whether behavior is internally or externally caused?

Consensus, consistency, conformity

Consistency, consensus, distinctiveness (correct)

Consensus, distinctiveness, conformity

Consistency, distinctiveness, conformity

Which factor refers to the person responding in the same way over time?

Consistency (correct)

Distinctiveness

Consensus

Conformity

What do we form based on various combinations of distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency?

Biases in perception

Judgments of behavior

Impressions of attributions to the causes of behavior (correct)

Conformity to social norms

What does internally caused behavior refer to?

Behavior believed to be under the personal control of the individual Signup and view all the answers

What causes certain behavior, according to the text?

Something within the person we observe, i.e. their personality Signup and view all the answers

What does externally controlled behavior result from?

Outside causes, by the forces in the person’s environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the individual displaying different behaviors in different situations?

Distinctiveness Signup and view all the answers

What refers to everybody faced with a similar situation responding in the same way?

Consensus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of managing the way people perceive and make judgments about each other?

Managing the Perception process Signup and view all the answers

What theory focuses on the causes of behavior and whether it is internally or externally caused?

Attribution theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Overestimating internal factors and underestimating external factors when judging others' behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the self-serving bias?

Attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors Signup and view all the answers

What is selective perception?

Interpreting what one sees based on interests, background, and attitudes Signup and view all the answers

What is the recency effect?

The most recent information influencing judgment despite other available information Signup and view all the answers

What is the halo effect?

Positive characteristics of a person influencing the perception of other characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is similarity error?

Judging someone based on perceived group membership Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast effect?

Evaluation of a person's characteristics affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered Signup and view all the answers

What is stereotyping?

Judging someone based on perception of the group to which that person belongs Signup and view all the answers

What is social perception?

The ability to make accurate interpretations and inferences about other people from their appearance and communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Overestimating internal factors and underestimating external factors when judging others' behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Influencing Behavior Determination

Three factors determine whether behavior is internally or externally caused: distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency
Consistency refers to the person responding in the same way over time

Attribution Theory

We form attributions based on various combinations of distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency
Internally caused behavior refers to behavior resulting from personal dispositions or characteristics
According to the text, certain behavior is caused by internal dispositions or characteristics
Externally controlled behavior results from situational factors or environmental stimuli

Behavior in Different Situations

The term "actor" refers to the individual displaying different behaviors in different situations
Consensus refers to everybody faced with a similar situation responding in the same way

Social perception is the process of managing the way people perceive and make judgments about each other
Attribution theory focuses on the causes of behavior and whether it is internally or externally caused

Cognitive Biases

Fundamental attribution error: overestimating the role of internal dispositions and underestimating the impact of situational factors
Self-serving bias: attributing one's own successes to internal causes and failures to external causes
Selective perception: perceiving and interpreting information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs
Recency effect: overestimating the importance of recent information
Halo effect: forming an overall impression based on a single trait or characteristic
Similarity error: attributing behavior to personality traits based on superficial similarities
Contrast effect: perceiving stimuli in relation to previously experienced stimuli
Stereotyping: forming opinions about people based on group membership rather than individual characteristics

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Description

Test your understanding of perception, attribution theory, and social perception in the context of organizational behavior and human resource management. This quiz covers key concepts such as errors and biases that distort perception, managing the perception process, and the impact of attribution theory on individual behavior observation.