Organizational Behavior Quiz

Study Notes

Steps include defining the problem, identifying criteria, allocating weights, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and selecting the best option.
Assumes decision makers have complete information, can identify all options without bias, and choose the option with the highest utility.

Individuals simplify complex problems into manageable parts for better understanding.
"Satisficing" means seeking satisfactory solutions rather than optimal ones.
Decisions are made with a limited set of conspicuous options.

Fundamental attribution error leads to underestimating external influences while overestimating personal ones.
Self-serving bias causes individuals to attribute successes to internal factors.

Selective perception increases focus on characteristics that stand out, filtering out irrelevant information.
Halo effect occurs when a general impression is formed based on a single characteristic.

Intuitive decisions engage emotions and rely on holistic associations rather than conscious thought.
Effective decision-making combines intuition with evidence and sound judgment.

Clear goals help facilitate rational decision-making and filter irrelevant information.
Actively seek information that contradicts personal beliefs to counteract biases like overconfidence and confirmation bias.
Recognize that not all random events have meaningful connections; avoid creating false narratives.

Overconfidence bias leads individuals, particularly those less capable, to overestimate their abilities.
Anchoring bias occurs when initial information disproportionately influences decisions.
Availability bias is based on readily accessible information.
Escalation of commitment involves sticking to a decision despite evidence that it’s wrong, often due to a sense of responsibility.
Risk aversion may lead to preferring certain outcomes over uncertain ones, with behavior influenced by stress.
Hindsight bias falsely convinces individuals that they accurately predicted outcomes after the fact.

Factors include personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness), self-esteem levels, gender differences in rumination, mental ability, and cultural influences.

Constraints come from performance evaluation systems, reward systems, regulations, time pressures, and historical precedents.

Utilitarianism emphasizes outcomes and consequences of decisions.
"Focus on rights" upholds fundamental liberties, protecting whistle-blowers and ensuring fair rule enforcement.
Behavioral ethics studies actual behavior in ethical dilemmas, revealing discrepancies between established standards and real-life actions.