T1 L13: Autoimmune diseases 2 (MTz)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential environmental factor that can contribute to autoimmunity?

  • Genetics
  • Inflammation
  • Infection (correct)
  • Antigens

    • What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a viral peptide has similarity to a self peptide?

  • Autoimmunity
  • Antigen presenting
  • Molecular mimicry (correct)
  • Inflammation

    • Which type of immune cell is responsible for presenting the viral peptide to the CD4+ T cell?

  • Antigen presenting cell (correct)
  • MHC class T molecule
  • CD4+ T cell
  • Antiviral CD4+ T cell

    • What is the potential consequence of an activated CD4+ T cell that has been activated by a self peptide with homology to a viral peptide?

    <p>Autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in the complexity of molecular mimicry?

    <p>The T cell receptors being unique to each individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is associated with cross-reactivity between streptococcal antibodies and connective tissue?

    <p>Rheumatic fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of type one diabetes compared to type two diabetes?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic susceptibility in the development of diabetes?

    <p>It increases the risk of developing diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by the presence of immunofluorescence in a chicken wire pattern?

    <p>Pent the gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is targeted in the diagnosis of coeliac disease?

    <p>Antibody against monkey oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is associated with pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Antibody against intrinsic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of HLA typing in the diagnosis of coeliac disease?

    <p>Presence of HLA DKI two and eight makes coeliac disease unlikely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to detect autoantibodies in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Indirect immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using indirect immunofluorescence to detect antibodies?

    <p>It requires minimal knowledge about the antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diagnostic autoimmune serology antibodies in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They diagnose autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why indirect immunofluorescence is not commonly used in laboratories?

    <p>It is time-consuming and requires manual reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible reason why it is difficult to study the initiation of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>There is a gap between the initiation of disease and its presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential mechanism that could link Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to multiple sclerosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

    <p>An HPV vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contribute to the complexity of autoimmune disease development?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT commonly used in the diagnostic lab anymore?

    <p>Eliza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between direct and indirect immunofluorescence?

    <p>Direct immunofluorescence requires a tissue biopsy, while indirect immunofluorescence looks for something in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the thick-walled pearly lesions seen in the top left panel?

    <p>They indicate the presence of an autoantibody at the dermoepidermal junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by big areas of denuded skin and involvement of mucosal surfaces?

    <p>Pemphigus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why autoimmune diseases are often treated by managing the consequences rather than using immunosuppression?

    <p>Immunosuppressive drugs have severe side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it difficult to treat autoimmune pancreatitis or autoimmune thyroiditis with immunosuppression?

    <p>The diseases are subclinical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might treating the consequences of an autoimmune disease be preferred over using immunosuppression?

    <p>Treating the consequences has fewer side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using immunosuppressive drugs to treat autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They have severe side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason why autoimmune diseases are often subclinical?

    <p>They are difficult to diagnose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can underactive thyroid be treated?

    <p>By replacing Thyroxine as a daily tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)?

    <p>Exposure to a self-antigen with an adjuvant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are primarily responsible for the tissue damage in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>CD8 T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T cells in autoimmune responses?

    <p>They damage tissue directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of HLA associations in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They indicate genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral tolerance mechanisms?

    <p>Rigorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease classified as multi-system?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that directly cause tissue damage?

    <p>Type II hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability, with eyelids, facial muscles, chewing, talking, and swallowing most often affected?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is associated with a possible link to Coxsackie Virus?

    <p>Type I diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of an activated CD4+ T cell that has been activated by a self peptide with homology to a viral peptide?

    <p>It may lead to autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using immunosuppressive drugs to treat autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Increased risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why indirect immunofluorescence is not commonly used in laboratories?

    <p>It is less sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Genetic manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why indirect immunofluorescence is not commonly used in laboratories?

    <p>It is less sensitive than other methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of type one diabetes compared to type two diabetes?

    <p>Onset in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using immunosuppressive drugs to treat autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Increased risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is responsible for regulating the ectopic expression of tissue-specific antigens in the thymus?

    <p>AIRE gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disorder is strongly associated with organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, and alopecia?

    <p>APACED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by inflammatory bowel disease, dermatitis, and organ-specific autoimmunity?

    <p>IPEX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HLA molecules are encoded by the HLA system on chromosome 6?

    <p>Class I: A, B, C; Class II: DR, DP, and DQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to detect autoantibodies in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes requires insulin, while type 2 diabetes can be managed with lifestyle changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of HLA typing in the diagnosis of coeliac disease?

    <p>HLA typing can identify the specific antigens targeted by autoantibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by thick-walled bullae on the skin and mucus membranes that rupture easily?

    <p>Pemphigus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate description of pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of the gastric parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in modern immunoassays for coeliac disease?

    <p>It is the target antigen detected in the assays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of HLA typing in the diagnosis of coeliac disease?

    <p>Absence of HLA DQ-2/8 makes coeliac disease very unlikely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why treating the consequences of an autoimmune disease may be preferred over using immunosuppression?

    <p>By the time the disease is overt, the damage may already have been done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential manifestation of vitamin B12 depletion in pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Gastric parietal cell destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of antibody-mediated diseases?

    <p>To remove antibodies from the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

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