T1 L13: Neural Tissues (HJW)
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

  • Motor activity
  • Communication (correct)
  • Information processing
  • Behaviour

    • What is the composition of the central nervous system?

  • Brain and spinal cord (correct)
  • Ectoderm
  • Ganglia
  • Peripheral nerves

    • What is the definition of a ganglion?

  • A structure in the peripheral nervous system
  • A group of cell bodies outside of the central nervous system (correct)
  • A sensory detector
  • A motor neuron

    • Which part of the neuron receives inputs from dendrites?

    <p>Cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting information?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath in neurons?

    <p>To insulate the axon electrically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nodes of Ranvier in relation to the myelin sheath?

    <p>Gaps in the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for increasing conduction velocity?

    <p>Myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane in a neuron?

    <p>To insulate the axons and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is responsible for a lot of the thinking in the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Pyramidal cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system are interneurons found in?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glia?

    <p>They form synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the nervous system are a common source of tumors?

    <p>Glia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is most rostral in the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Rostral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is among the least numerous in the nervous system?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is often found in sensory systems?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pseudo unipolar cells?

    <p>To connect the cell body to the dendrite and axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of chemical synapses?

    <p>They have a one-way transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are more numerous than neurons in the brain?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glial cells?

    <p>Supporting and protecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small purple cells seen in the background?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are glial cells sometimes called?

    <p>Neuronal glia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of astrocytes?

    <p>Supporting and protecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between neurons and glial cells?

    <p>Neurons are bigger cells than glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for myelinating many neurons?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of neurons would you expect to find in the dorsal root ganglia?

    <p>Pseudounipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two locations where you would expect to find ganglia in the peripheral nervous system.

    <p>Enteric nervous system and parasympathetic ganglia in glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many neurons are in the brain?

    <p>10^11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Brodmann area?

    <p>A region of nervous tissue on the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the prefrontal cortex is nearest to the primary auditory cortex (on the outer shell of the temporal lobe)?

    <p>Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nodes of Ranvier in relation to the myelin sheath?

    <p>Gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glial cells?

    <p>To provide structural support to neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is responsible for a lot of the thinking in the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of astrocytes?

    <p>To provide structural support to neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of an ependymal cell?

    <p>Forms cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a microglial cell?

    <p>Immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histological traits distinguish an astrocyte?

    <p>Many processes - star-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Schwann cell?

    <p>Makes myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference between an oligodendrocyte and a Schwann cell?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes wrap around multiple axons, while Schwann cells wrap around a single axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological traits distinguish a microglial cell?

    <p>Small compared to other glia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological traits distinguish an astrocyte?

    <p>Many processes - star-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?

    <p>Forms myelin in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological traits distinguish an ependymal cell?

    <p>Adjacent to a site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Schwann cell?

    <p>Makes myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all other neural tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic layer/tissue is the nervous system derived from?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of neuroglia?

    <p>To protect, nourish, and support neural tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Node of Ranvier?

    <p>A segment of an axon that is not covered with myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is myelin?

    <p>A protective substance surrounding axons made of lipid bilayers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of myelin?

    <p>To increase conduction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological and physiological traits distinguish a neuron?

    <p>Histologically, neurons have a cell body and physiologically, they generate and transmit electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, while Schwann cells are found in the PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>CSF protects, nourishes, and supports neural tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is responsible for the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Oligodendrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell plays a role in regulating blood flow and the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Astrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is of mesodermal origin and acts as immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Microglial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell lines the brain's ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord and is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Ependymal cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is responsible for the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>Schwann cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell supports neurons, regulates the exchange of materials between neurons and interstitial fluid in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>Satellite cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is the most numerous in the brain, outnumbering neurons by a ratio of 1:10-50?

    <p>Astrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is often a source of tumors in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Astrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is derived from neural crest cells and is responsible for a tumor called neuroblastoma?

    <p>Schwann cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is responsible for a lot of the thinking in the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Multipolar neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all the nerves outside the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>To insulate and protect the axon, and to increase the speed of electrical signal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?

    <p>Astrocytes provide structural support to neurons and help regulate the chemical environment around them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microglial cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Microglial cells are the immune cells of the nervous system, responsible for removing debris and pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system are interneurons found in?

    <p>Interneurons are found in the central nervous system (CNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, and are involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nervous system?

    <p>The purpose of the nervous system is to receive, process, and transmit information in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Node of Ranvier?

    <p>A Node of Ranvier is a gap in the myelin sheath of an axon, where the axon is exposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

    <p>Processing signals in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of glial cells?

    <p>Having the ability to divide and form myelin sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves outside the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oligodendrocytes?

    <p>Dividing and forming tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main function of astrocytes?

    <p>Providing structural support to neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of interneurons?

    <p>Processing signals in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main function of myelin?

    <p>Insulating axons and increasing conduction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Brodmann area is most rostral?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Brodmann area(s) corresponds to the sensory cortex?

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive inputs from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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