85 Questions
What is the purpose of the nervous system?
Communication
What is the composition of the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the definition of a ganglion?
A group of cell bodies outside of the central nervous system
Which part of the neuron receives inputs from dendrites?
Cell body
Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting information?
Axon
What is the function of the myelin sheath in neurons?
To insulate the axon electrically
What are the nodes of Ranvier in relation to the myelin sheath?
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Which part of the neuron is responsible for increasing conduction velocity?
Myelin
What is the function of the cell membrane in a neuron?
To insulate the axons and dendrites
Which type of neuron is responsible for a lot of the thinking in the cerebral cortex?
Pyramidal cell
What is the purpose of the dendrites in a neuron?
To process information
Which part of the nervous system are interneurons found in?
Central nervous system
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glia?
They form synapses
Which cells in the nervous system are a common source of tumors?
Glia
Which part of the brain is most rostral in the cerebral cortex?
Rostral
Which type of neuron is among the least numerous in the nervous system?
Bipolar neurons
Which type of neuron is often found in sensory systems?
Bipolar neurons
What is the main function of pseudo unipolar cells?
To connect the cell body to the dendrite and axon
What is a key feature of chemical synapses?
They have a one-way transmission
Which type of cells are more numerous than neurons in the brain?
Astrocytes
What is the main function of glial cells?
Supporting and protecting
What are the small purple cells seen in the background?
Glial cells
What are glial cells sometimes called?
Neuronal glia
What is the function of astrocytes?
Supporting and protecting
What is the main difference between neurons and glial cells?
Neurons are bigger cells than glial cells
Which cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for myelinating many neurons?
Oligodendrocytes
What kind of neurons would you expect to find in the dorsal root ganglia?
Pseudounipolar neurons
Name two locations where you would expect to find ganglia in the peripheral nervous system.
Enteric nervous system and parasympathetic ganglia in glands
Approximately how many neurons are in the brain?
10^11
What is a Brodmann area?
A region of nervous tissue on the cerebral cortex
Which part of the prefrontal cortex is nearest to the primary auditory cortex (on the outer shell of the temporal lobe)?
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
What are the nodes of Ranvier in relation to the myelin sheath?
Gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed
What is the main function of glial cells?
To provide structural support to neurons
Which type of neuron is responsible for a lot of the thinking in the cerebral cortex?
Interneurons
What is the function of astrocytes?
To provide structural support to neurons
Which of the following is a function of an ependymal cell?
Forms cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the main function of a microglial cell?
Immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS)
Which histological traits distinguish an astrocyte?
Many processes - star-shaped
What is the function of a Schwann cell?
Makes myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Which of the following is a difference between an oligodendrocyte and a Schwann cell?
Oligodendrocytes wrap around multiple axons, while Schwann cells wrap around a single axon
What histological traits distinguish a microglial cell?
Small compared to other glia
What histological traits distinguish an astrocyte?
Many processes - star-shaped
What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?
Forms myelin in the CNS
What histological traits distinguish an ependymal cell?
Adjacent to a site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the function of a Schwann cell?
Makes myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Which of the following is the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all other neural tissues.
Which embryonic layer/tissue is the nervous system derived from?
Ectoderm
What are the main functions of neuroglia?
To protect, nourish, and support neural tissues
What is a Node of Ranvier?
A segment of an axon that is not covered with myelin
What is myelin?
A protective substance surrounding axons made of lipid bilayers
What is the purpose of myelin?
To increase conduction velocity
What histological and physiological traits distinguish a neuron?
Histologically, neurons have a cell body and physiologically, they generate and transmit electrical signals
What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, while Schwann cells are found in the PNS
What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
What is the role of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system (CNS)?
CSF protects, nourishes, and supports neural tissues
Which type of glial cell is responsible for the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Oligodendrocyte
Which type of glial cell plays a role in regulating blood flow and the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Astrocyte
Which type of glial cell is of mesodermal origin and acts as immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Microglial cell
Which type of glial cell lines the brain's ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord and is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Ependymal cell
Which type of glial cell is responsible for the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Schwann cell
Which type of glial cell supports neurons, regulates the exchange of materials between neurons and interstitial fluid in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Satellite cell
Which type of glial cell is the most numerous in the brain, outnumbering neurons by a ratio of 1:10-50?
Astrocyte
Which type of glial cell is often a source of tumors in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Astrocyte
Which type of glial cell is derived from neural crest cells and is responsible for a tumor called neuroblastoma?
Schwann cell
Which type of neuron is responsible for a lot of the thinking in the cerebral cortex?
Multipolar neuron
What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all the nerves outside the CNS.
What is the main function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate and protect the axon, and to increase the speed of electrical signal transmission.
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?
Astrocytes provide structural support to neurons and help regulate the chemical environment around them.
What is the main function of microglial cells in the nervous system?
Microglial cells are the immune cells of the nervous system, responsible for removing debris and pathogens.
What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?
The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Which part of the nervous system are interneurons found in?
Interneurons are found in the central nervous system (CNS).
What is the purpose of the dendrites in a neuron?
Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
What is the function of ependymal cells in the nervous system?
Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, and are involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
What is the purpose of the nervous system?
The purpose of the nervous system is to receive, process, and transmit information in the body.
What is a Node of Ranvier?
A Node of Ranvier is a gap in the myelin sheath of an axon, where the axon is exposed.
Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?
Processing signals in the CNS
Which of the following is a characteristic of glial cells?
Having the ability to divide and form myelin sheaths
Which of the following is the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves outside the CNS
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oligodendrocytes?
Dividing and forming tumors
Which of the following is the main function of astrocytes?
Providing structural support to neurons
Which of the following is a function of interneurons?
Processing signals in the CNS
Which of the following is the main function of myelin?
Insulating axons and increasing conduction velocity
Which Brodmann area is most rostral?
10
Which Brodmann area(s) corresponds to the sensory cortex?
17
What is the purpose of the dendrites in a neuron?
To receive inputs from other neurons
Test your knowledge on central nervous system neurons and their functions in this quiz. Learn about the different influences of neurons P, Q, and R on neuron Z, as well as their unique characteristics and location in the body.
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