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By @sensoryarthouse

202 T1 L13: Neural Tissues

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Questions and Answers

Which type of tumor typically affects babies and very young individuals?

Neuroblastoma

Which type of tumor is usually located inside the cranium?

Glioma

Which type of tumor often has a poor outcome (malignant)?

Glioma

Which type of tumor often secretes catecholamines, leading to high blood catecholamines?

<p>Neuroblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two differences between an oligodendrocyte and a Schwann cell?

<p>Oligodendrocyte typically myelinates many neurons, Schwann cell typically myelinates one neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of neurons would you expect to find in the dorsal root ganglia?

<p>Pseudounipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two locations where you would expect to find ganglia in the peripheral nervous system.

<p>Sympathetic chain ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many neurons are in the brain?

<p>10^11</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Brodmann area?

<p>A region of nervous tissue on the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the prefrontal cortex is nearest to the primary auditory cortex?

<p>Ventrolateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of an astrocyte?

<p>Support of nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a microglial cell?

<p>Immune defense in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an ependymal cell?

<p>Forms the epithelium lining ventricular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?

<p>Forms myelin in CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Schwann cell?

<p>Makes myelin in the peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a satellite cell in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Support neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of axon fibers have the fastest conduction velocity?

<p>Neurons that are myelinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four differences between glia and neurons?

<p>Glia do not have action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a histological trait that distinguishes an astrocyte?

<p>Many processes - Star shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a histological trait that distinguishes a microglial cell?

<p>Small compared to other glia - Spindly processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>It includes the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neuroglia?

<p>Protect, nourish, and support neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Node of Ranvier?

<p>A segment of an axon that is not covered with myelin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myelin?

<p>To increase conduction velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is myelin primarily composed of?

<p>Successive layers of plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What embryonic layer/tissue is the nervous system derived from?

<p>Ectoderm (or neuroectoderm).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Node of Ranvier?

<p>To allow action potentials to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myelin?

<p>To increase conduction velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

<p>CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while PNS includes all other nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neuroglia?

<p>Neuroglia cells protect, nourish, and support neural tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Node of Ranvier?

<p>A segment of an axon that is not covered with myelin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myelin?

<p>Myelin increases conduction velocity and acts as an electrical insulator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which embryonic layer/tissue is the nervous system derived from?

<p>The nervous system is derived from the ectoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of the nervous system?

<p>The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of myelin?

<p>Myelin is mostly made up of lipid bilayers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does myelin do to the conduction velocity of action potentials?

<p>Myelin increases conduction velocity of action potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>The CNS processes and coordinates information received from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes?

<p>Formation of the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microglial cells?

<p>Phagocytosis of debris and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is typically located outside the cranium?

<p>Meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?

<p>Production of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells?

<p>Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Schwann cells?

<p>Production of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor often has a better prognosis (benign)?

<p>Meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Support and protection of neuronal cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of neuroglia?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of myelin?

<p>Lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the enteric nervous system?

<p>It consists of 108 neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron transmits sensory information to the brain or spinal cord?

<p>Afferent neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about motor ganglia?

<p>They are groups of cell bodies outside the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Brodmann areas?

<p>Each Brodmann area has a specific function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myelin?

<p>To insulate the axon and increase conduction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about neuron classifications?

<p>Neurons can be classified as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon?

<p>Bipolar neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical synapse?

<p>A functional link between two neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between convergent and divergent signaling in neurons?

<p>Convergent signaling occurs when a single neuron sends its output to many neurons, while divergent signaling occurs when multiple inputs influence a single neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about interneurons?

<p>They occur only in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell myelinates multiple axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Oligodendrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell supports neuronal development and growth, protects neurons from harmful substances, and influences blood flow and the blood-brain barrier?

<p>Astrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell is of mesodermal origin and functions as immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Microglial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell lines the brain's ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord, and is involved in the production and maintenance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Ependymal cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell performs a role in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) analogous to what astrocytes do in the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Satellite cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is the largest group of primary tumors derived from glial cells and is usually highly malignant?

<p>Glioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is most common in children and infants and is derived from neural crest cells from the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Neuroblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell myelinates multiple axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

<p>Schwann cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell supports neurons, regulates the exchange of materials between neurons and the interstitial fluid, and performs an analogous role to astrocytes in the PNS?

<p>Satellite cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell is involved in the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Oligodendrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Regulation of the exchange of materials between neurons and the interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microglial cells?

<p>Immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell lines the brain's ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord, and is involved in the production and maintenance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Ependymal cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neural Tissues: Key Concepts and Functions

  • The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes everything else.
  • The CNS is associated with cerebrospinal fluid and has different types of glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
  • The nervous system is derived from the ectoderm or neuroectoderm during embryonic development.
  • Neuroglia, or glial cells, have functions such as protecting, nourishing, and supporting neurons. They also make myelin and regulate fluid and ion transport.
  • Nodes of Ranvier are segments of axons that are not covered with myelin. They are excitable parts of the axon where action potentials occur and are important for saltatory conduction.
  • Myelin is a protective substance surrounding axons that increases conduction velocity by reducing transmembrane conductance. It is mostly made up of lipid bilayers.
  • Neurons have unique histological traits such as neurites (outgrowths), excitability (ability to have action potentials), and large cell bodies.
  • Astrocytes have many processes and support nervous tissue. They also contribute to blood vessel control in the CNS and may be involved in the blood-brain barrier and tissue repair.
  • Microglial cells function as immune defense in the CNS, protecting nervous tissue. They are part of the immune-privileged CNS and cannot tolerate inflammation.
  • Ependymal cells form cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and control fluid and ion transport. They are organized as an epithelial layer and have cilia.
  • Oligodendrocytes form myelin in the CNS, increasing conduction velocity and insulating axons.
  • Schwann cells make myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), increasing conduction velocity and insulating axons. They are wrapped around a single axon.

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