Anatomy LE 5: Pelvis and Perineum

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What is the shape of the perineum?

Circular

Oval

Diamond-shaped (correct)

Triangular

What is the boundary of the perineum anteriorly?

Sacrotuberous Ligaments

Ischiopubic Rami

Coccyx

Symphysis Pubis (correct)

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

Coccygeus and External Anal Sphincter

Coccygeus and Levator Ani (correct)

Coccygeus only

Coccygeus and Puborectalis

What is the function of the coccygeus muscle?

To assist the levator ani muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the coccygeus muscle?

Branches of the 4th and 5th sacral nerves Signup and view all the answers

What structures are found in the pelvic cavity of males?

Rectum, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Seminal Vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum clinically adequate distance between the two ischial spines?

10 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urogenital triangle?

Contains the superficial and deep perineal pouches Signup and view all the answers

What is the anteroposterior diameter of the midpelvis?

11.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the urogenital triangle posteriorly?

Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles Signup and view all the answers

Where is the point of bisection between the interspinous and anteroposterior diameters of the midpelvis located?

4.5 cm in front of the sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when the lowermost portion of the fetal head lies at the level of the ischial spines?

The fetal head is engaged Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ischial spines during labor and delivery?

They are palpated in relation to the lowermost portion of the fetal head Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrowest transverse diameter of the pelvis?

Interspinous diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior sagittal diameter?

The distance from the surface of the sacrum to the point where the AP diameter and transverse diameter intersect Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of engagement of the fetal head?

The biparietal diameter of the fetal head has passed through the pelvic inlet Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance required for the obstetric conjugate to be considered clinically adequate?

10 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagonal conjugate?

The distance between the sacral promontory and the inferior border of the symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance required for the diagonal conjugate to be considered clinically adequate?

11.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the transverse diameter?

The distance between the linea terminalis on either side Signup and view all the answers

What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet?

Lower border of symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the oblique diameter?

The distance from the sacroiliac joint to the iliopectineal eminence Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior sagittal diameter?

4 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the anteroposterior (A-P) diameter?

9.5 - 11.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

Where is the fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of the perineum continuous posteriorly with?

Ischio-anal fat pad in the anal region Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fascia that the membranous layer is continuous with in the anterior abdominal wall?

Scarpa's Fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perineal fascia in males?

Modifies to form the Dartos Muscle and Fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fascia that the perineal fascia becomes continuous with in females?

Scarpa's Fascia Signup and view all the answers

Where is the perineal fascia attached to posteriorly?

Perineal Body and Perineal Membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fascia that the perineal fascia is continuous with in the anterior triangle?

Colle's Fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perineal fascia in females?

Passes superior to the fatty layer forming the labia majora Signup and view all the answers

Where is the fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of the perineum continuous with?

Penis or scrotum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing an episiotomy during vaginal delivery?

To enlarge the vaginal orifice Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to perform an episiotomy during vaginal delivery?

To prevent anal laceration that could extend into the external anal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is an episiotomy likely to be performed?

When instruments such as forceps or a vacuum are needed for vaginal delivery Signup and view all the answers

What type of episiotomy is advised for interns to perform?

Right or left medial episiotomy Signup and view all the answers

What occurs inevitably during childbirth?

Stretching and tearing of the levator ani muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of instructing the patient to inhale, hold, and push?

To relax the levator ani muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is an entercele?

Herniation of the small bowel into the rectovaginal septum Signup and view all the answers

What can be seen in Figure 24 of the lecture PPT?

A small rectocele Signup and view all the answers

Anatomy LE 5: Pelvis and Perineum

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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the perineum?

What is the boundary of the perineum anteriorly?

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

What is the function of the coccygeus muscle?

What is the nerve supply of the coccygeus muscle?

What structures are found in the pelvic cavity of males?

What is the minimum clinically adequate distance between the two ischial spines?

What is the function of the urogenital triangle?

What is the anteroposterior diameter of the midpelvis?

What is the boundary of the urogenital triangle posteriorly?

Where is the point of bisection between the interspinous and anteroposterior diameters of the midpelvis located?

What does it mean when the lowermost portion of the fetal head lies at the level of the ischial spines?

What is the significance of the ischial spines during labor and delivery?

What is the narrowest transverse diameter of the pelvis?

What is the posterior sagittal diameter?

What is the indication of engagement of the fetal head?

What is the minimum distance required for the obstetric conjugate to be considered clinically adequate?

What is the diagonal conjugate?

What is the minimum distance required for the diagonal conjugate to be considered clinically adequate?

What is the transverse diameter?

What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet?

What is the oblique diameter?

What is the posterior sagittal diameter?

What is the anteroposterior (A-P) diameter?

Where is the fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of the perineum continuous posteriorly with?

What is the name of the fascia that the membranous layer is continuous with in the anterior abdominal wall?

What is the function of the perineal fascia in males?

What is the name of the fascia that the perineal fascia becomes continuous with in females?

Where is the perineal fascia attached to posteriorly?

What is the name of the fascia that the perineal fascia is continuous with in the anterior triangle?

What is the function of the perineal fascia in females?

Where is the fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of the perineum continuous with?

What is the purpose of performing an episiotomy during vaginal delivery?

Why is it necessary to perform an episiotomy during vaginal delivery?

In which scenario is an episiotomy likely to be performed?

What type of episiotomy is advised for interns to perform?

What occurs inevitably during childbirth?

What is the purpose of instructing the patient to inhale, hold, and push?

What is an entercele?

What can be seen in Figure 24 of the lecture PPT?

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