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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the sacroiliac articulation and its ligaments in domestic animals?
What is the primary function of the sacroiliac articulation and its ligaments in domestic animals?
- To provide cushioning between the pelvic bones.
- To facilitate independent movement of the hind limbs.
- To firmly unite the bones of the pelvic girdle to the trunk. (correct)
- To allow flexibility in the pelvic region for agility.
How do the extrinsic muscles of the pelvic limb compare to those of the thoracic limb in domestic animals?
How do the extrinsic muscles of the pelvic limb compare to those of the thoracic limb in domestic animals?
- They are more numerous and less developed.
- They are less numerous but more developed.
- They are more numerous and equally developed.
- They are less numerous and less developed. (correct)
Which of the following is a primary action of the psoas major muscle in domestic animals?
Which of the following is a primary action of the psoas major muscle in domestic animals?
- Flexion of the hip and rotation of the thigh. (correct)
- Adduction of the limb.
- Extension of the vertebral column.
- Stabilization of the lumbar position.
What is the main role of the quadratus lumborum muscle in the context of the pelvic limb in domestic animals?
What is the main role of the quadratus lumborum muscle in the context of the pelvic limb in domestic animals?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for flexing the hip joint in domestic animals?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for flexing the hip joint in domestic animals?
What is the combined action of the gluteus medius and gluteus profundus muscles on the hip joint of domestic animals?
What is the combined action of the gluteus medius and gluteus profundus muscles on the hip joint of domestic animals?
What is the primary action of the tensor fasciae latae muscle in domestic animals?
What is the primary action of the tensor fasciae latae muscle in domestic animals?
Which of the following muscles is principally involved in the adduction and rotation of the hip joint in domestic animals?
Which of the following muscles is principally involved in the adduction and rotation of the hip joint in domestic animals?
In domestic animals, if the obturator internus muscle is damaged, which movement would be most affected?
In domestic animals, if the obturator internus muscle is damaged, which movement would be most affected?
What is the combined action of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles in domestic animals?
What is the combined action of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles in domestic animals?
Which of the following muscles flexes the hip and adducts the limb in domestic animals?
Which of the following muscles flexes the hip and adducts the limb in domestic animals?
What is the collective primary action of the four heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle group in domestic animals?
What is the collective primary action of the four heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle group in domestic animals?
In domestic animals, what is the unique action that the rectus femoris muscle contributes to, unlike the other muscles in the quadriceps group?
In domestic animals, what is the unique action that the rectus femoris muscle contributes to, unlike the other muscles in the quadriceps group?
Which of the following describes the action of the cranial tibial muscle in domestic animals?
Which of the following describes the action of the cranial tibial muscle in domestic animals?
What is the primary function of the peroneus longus muscle in the pelvic limb of domestic animals?
What is the primary function of the peroneus longus muscle in the pelvic limb of domestic animals?
What is the common action of the gastrocnemius muscle, shared by both its medial and lateral heads, in domestic animals?
What is the common action of the gastrocnemius muscle, shared by both its medial and lateral heads, in domestic animals?
What is the primary action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in domestic animals?
What is the primary action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in domestic animals?
What is the specific insertion point of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle in domestic animals, which distinguishes its action?
What is the specific insertion point of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle in domestic animals, which distinguishes its action?
What is the primary function of the popliteus muscle in the pelvic limb of domestic animals?
What is the primary function of the popliteus muscle in the pelvic limb of domestic animals?
What is the role of the extensor digitorum brevis in the domestic animal's pelvic limb?
What is the role of the extensor digitorum brevis in the domestic animal's pelvic limb?
How does the origin of the psoas minor muscle affect its action on the vertebral column?
How does the origin of the psoas minor muscle affect its action on the vertebral column?
How does the anatomical positioning of the gemelos muscles relate to their function in domestic animals?
How does the anatomical positioning of the gemelos muscles relate to their function in domestic animals?
How do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur relate to the action of the semimembranosus muscle in domestic animals?
How do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur relate to the action of the semimembranosus muscle in domestic animals?
How does the craniolateral location of the muscles in the leg influence their function in domestic animals?
How does the craniolateral location of the muscles in the leg influence their function in domestic animals?
In domestic animals, how does the flexor digitorum profundus muscle promote digit flexion given its location?
In domestic animals, how does the flexor digitorum profundus muscle promote digit flexion given its location?
How might the loss of function in the obturator externus muscle manifest in the movement of a domestic animal?
How might the loss of function in the obturator externus muscle manifest in the movement of a domestic animal?
If an animal has difficulty extending its stifle joint, which muscle group is most likely affected?
If an animal has difficulty extending its stifle joint, which muscle group is most likely affected?
If compression of the tarsal joint limits the flexing motion, which group of muscles is likely affected?
If compression of the tarsal joint limits the flexing motion, which group of muscles is likely affected?
Which anatomical feature explains why the rectus femoris flexes the hip, while the other quadriceps muscles do not?
Which anatomical feature explains why the rectus femoris flexes the hip, while the other quadriceps muscles do not?
What functional deficit is most likely if an animal damages its peroneus longus muscle?
What functional deficit is most likely if an animal damages its peroneus longus muscle?
If there is an injury on the calcaneus, what motor action would be most heavily impacted?
If there is an injury on the calcaneus, what motor action would be most heavily impacted?
How does the interosseous muscle contribute to the function of the pelvic limb of a domestic animal?
How does the interosseous muscle contribute to the function of the pelvic limb of a domestic animal?
If the iliopsoas muscle is ruptured, which movement will the animal have difficulty completing?
If the iliopsoas muscle is ruptured, which movement will the animal have difficulty completing?
How does damage to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) affect extension of the toes?
How does damage to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) affect extension of the toes?
Damage to which muscle group causes an inability to stabilize the lumbar vertebral column?
Damage to which muscle group causes an inability to stabilize the lumbar vertebral column?
Flashcards
Pelvic Girdle Attachment
Pelvic Girdle Attachment
Bones of the pelvic girdle are firmly attached to the trunk. This is done via the sacroiliac joint and its ligaments.
Extrinsic Muscles
Extrinsic Muscles
These muscles are fewer in number and, overall, less developed than those of the thoracic girdle.
Músculo psoas mayor Action
Músculo psoas mayor Action
Flexor of the hip, rotator of the thigh, contributing to stability.
Musculo cuadrado lumbar Action
Musculo cuadrado lumbar Action
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Tensor fascia lata action
Tensor fascia lata action
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Glúteo superficial action
Glúteo superficial action
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Glúteo medio action
Glúteo medio action
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Obturador externo action
Obturador externo action
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BÃceps femoral action
BÃceps femoral action
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Sartorio action
Sartorio action
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Gracilis action
Gracilis action
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Aductor action
Aductor action
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CuadrÃceps femorais action
CuadrÃceps femorais action
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Tibial craneal action
Tibial craneal action
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Extensor digital largo action
Extensor digital largo action
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Peroneo largo action
Peroneo largo action
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Gastrocnemio action
Gastrocnemio action
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Flexor digital superficial action
Flexor digital superficial action
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Flexor digital profundo action
Flexor digital profundo action
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PoplÃteo action
PoplÃteo action
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Extensor digital corto action
Extensor digital corto action
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Study Notes
- Myology focuses on the muscles of the pelvic limb
- Pelvic girdle bones firmly attach to the trunk using the sacroiliac joint and ligaments
Extrinsic Muscles
- Less numerous and developed compared to thoracic girdle muscles
- Muscles include psoas minor, iliopsoas, and quadratus lumborum
- These muscles help stabilize the vertebral column, fix the pelvis, and support the weight of the abdomen
Extrinsic Muscle Details
- Psoas Minor
- Originates from the body of thoracolumbar vertebrae
- Inserts on the ilion
- Stabilizes the vertebral column
- Psoas Major
- Originates from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
- Inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur
- Flexes the hip, rotates the thigh
- Iliacus
- Originates from the ilion
- Inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur
- Aids in the stability of the vertebral column
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Originates from the last ribs and lumbar vertebrae
- Inserts on the sacrum
- Stabilizes the lumbar spine position
Intrinsic Muscles of the Pelvic Limb
-
Lateral muscles of the hip
-
Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Originates from the coxal tuberosity and ilion
- Inserts on the lateral fascia of the femur
- Acts as a flexor
-
Gluteus Superficialis
- Originates from the gluteal fascia
- Inserts on the third trochanter of the femur
- Extends and retracts the limb
-
Gluteus Medius
- Originates from the ilion and gluteal fascia
- Inserts on the third trochanter of the femur
- Extends and abducts the limb
-
Gluteus Profundus
- Originates from the ischiatic spine
- Inserts on the cranial part of the greater trochanter
- Extends and abducts the limb
Caudal Muscles of the Hip
- Obturator Externus
- Originates from the pelvic surface and obturator foramen
- Inserts on the trochanteric fossa
- Adducts and rotates the limb
- Obturator Internus
- Originates from the obturator foramen
- Inserts on the trochanteric fossa
- Rotates the limb externally
- Gemelli Muscles
- Originate from the ischiatic spine
- Insert on the trochanteric fossa
- Rotate the limb externally
- Quadratus Femoris
- Originates from the ventral surface of the ischium
- Inserts on the trochanteric fossa
- Extends the limb
Caudal Thigh Muscles
- Biceps Femoris
- Originates from the distal part of the sacrotuberous ligament
- Inserts on the patella and ligaments of the stifle joint
- Extends the hip, stifle(knee)
- Semitendinosus
- Originates from the ventral surface of the ischial tuberosity
- Inserts on the tibia
- Extends the hip, stifle(knee)
- Semimembranosus
- Originates from the ventral surface of the ischial tuberosity
- Inserts on the medial condyles of the femur and tibia
- Extends the hip, stifle(knee)
Medial Thigh Muscles
- Sartorius
- Originates from the coxal tuberosity of the ilion
- Inserts on the cranial border of the tibia
- Flexes the hip and adducts the limb and flexes the stifle(knee)
- Gracilis
- Originates from the pelvic symphysis
- Inserts on the tibial crest
- Adducts the thigh
- Pectineus
- Originates from the cranial branch and prepubic tendon
- Inserts on the femur
- Adducts the thigh
- Adductor
- Originates from the pelvis
- Inserts on the femur
- Adducts the limb and extends the hip
Cranial Thigh Muscles
- Quadriceps Femoris
- Includes the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles
- Originates from the coxal and femur
- Inserts on the patella
- Powerful stifle extensors, propel the trunk, support weight, flexes the hip
Craniolateral Muscles of the Leg
- Tibialis Cranialis
- Originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia
- Inserts on the tarsal and metatarsal bones
- Flexes the tarsal joint and supinates the foot
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Originates from the distal end of the femur
- Inserts on the distal phalanges
- Extends the digits
- Extensor Digitorum Lateralis
- Originates from the head of the fibula
- Inserts on the proximal phalanges
- Extends the digits
- Peroneus Longus
- Originates from the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle
- Inserts on the metatarsals
- Pronates the foot and may flex the tarsal joint
Caudal Muscles of the Leg
- Gastrocnemius
- Arises from the caudal femur
- Uses the tarsal joint for insertion
- Is a flexor of the stifle(knee)
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Arises from the supracondylar fossa or tubercal
- There are 4 branches, they are inserted on the palmar face of the middle phalanx of digits 2, 3, 4, and 5
- Flex the digits and extend the tarus
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Originates from the caudal surface of the tibia
- Fuses with the flexor tendon of the flexor muscle
- Flexes the digits and extends the tarsus
- Popliteus
- Originates from the lateral condyle of the femur
- Inserts on the tibia
- Flexes the stifle and rotates the limb medially
Muscles of the Foot
- Extensor Digitorum Brevis
- Originates from the calcaneus and associated ligaments on the dorsal tarsus
- Joins the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus muscle
- Extends digits II, III, and IV
- Interossei
- Similar to muscles of the forelimb digits, though less developed
- The abductor of digit V is thin and tendinous, originating from the calcaneal tuberosity
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