44 Questions
What is a common bacteria inhabiting the GIT area around the pyloric valve?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the name of the type of constipation characterized by constriction of the colon with small ribbon-like stools?
Spastic constipation
What is the term for the retention of stools beyond emptying time resulting in infrequent passage of stools?
Constipation
What is recommended to achieve the objective of reducing or neutralizing gastric acid secretion?
Eat three meals daily
What is the term for the condition characterized by nausea, vomiting, and occult blood in the stools?
Peptic Ulcer
What is the name of the type of constipation characterized by lazy bowel due to weakening of musculature?
Atonic constipation
What is recommended to avoid in order to reduce gastric acid secretion?
All of the above
What is the trend in nutritional therapy of Peptic Ulcer?
Individualized approach
What is recommended to limit in order to reduce gastric acid secretion?
All of the above
What is the primary reason for the rise of vegetarianism?
All of the above
What nutrient is often deficient in a vegetarian diet?
Vitamin B12
What is the purpose of megavitamin therapy?
To alleviate symptoms of certain disorders
What is the primary function of antioxidants?
To block free radical effects
What is the term for an eroded mucosal lesion in the central portion of the GIT?
Peptic ulcer
What is a common symptom of peptic ulcer?
Epigastric pain
What is the goal of dietary management in medical nutrition therapy?
To modify the normal diet to meet specific needs
According to the 2022 nutritional survey, what percentage of children under 5 years old are undernourished?
32%
What is the term for a diet that excludes animal products, including meat, fish, and poultry?
Vegetarianism
Why is it important to control protein intake?
To avoid accumulation of excessive amounts of nitrogenous waste
What is the basis for determining dietary Potassium allowance?
Serum K levels, residual renal functions, drug therapy, and dialysis modality
Why should sodium intake be modified?
To control BP, maintain normal hydration status, and prevent CHF and pulmonary edema
Why is fluid allowance important?
To prevent weight gain of more than 1kg/day
Why is phosphorus intake controlled?
To reduce the risk of metastatic calcification
What is a common cause of hypocalcemia?
Vitamin D deficiency
What vitamins are recommended for dialysis patients?
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9), B complex, and Vitamin C
Why is iron supplementation important?
Due to blood loss, blood tests should be given to patients receiving rHu EPO
What is the recommended daily fiber intake?
20-26 g/day
What is anorexia nervosa characterized by?
Being underweight and refusing to eat due to fear of becoming fat
What is the purpose of refeeding in anorexia nervosa treatment?
To restore a healthy weight and prevent relapse
What is the goal of dietary management in anorexia nervosa treatment?
To provide adequate nutrition and promote weight gain
What is a common physical symptom of anorexia nervosa?
Subcutaneous fat and muscle wasting
What is the purpose of modifying the patient's idea about food in anorexia nervosa treatment?
To improve body image and promote healthy eating habits
What is a common psychological symptom of anorexia nervosa?
Fear of gaining weight
What is the recommended initial caloric intake for refeeding in anorexia nervosa treatment?
800-1200 kcal
What is the goal of patient education in anorexia nervosa treatment?
To modify the patient's idea about food and normal weight
What is a common laboratory finding in anorexia nervosa?
Bradycardia
What is the primary cause of Kwashiorkor?
Deficiency of proteins
What is a characteristic feature of Marasmus?
Wasting and stunting
What is the age of onset for Marasmus?
Before the age of 1
What is a complication of Kwashiorkor?
Ascites formation
What is a feature of Kwashiorkor?
Edema
What is a difference between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?
All of the above
What is a feature of Marasmus?
Wasting and stunting
What is a complication of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)?
Anasarca
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