Questions and Answers
What is the most significant risk factor for pediatric intracranial hemorrhage in full-term neonates?
Instrumental delivery
Which of the following imaging modalities is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pediatric intracranial hemorrhage?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
What is the primary goal of medical management in pediatric critical care for intracranial hemorrhage?
Optimization of cerebral perfusion
Which of the following is a common complication of pediatric intracranial hemorrhage?
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What is the role of the pediatric critical care nurse in managing pediatric intracranial hemorrhage?
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What is a key difference between pediatric intracranial hemorrhage and adult intracranial hemorrhage?
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Which of the following may be a consequence of inadequate optimization of cerebral perfusion in pediatric intracranial hemorrhage?
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What is a potential limitation of using computed tomography (CT) scans as the primary imaging modality for diagnosing pediatric intracranial hemorrhage?
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What is a key principle of pediatric critical care nursing management for intracranial hemorrhage?
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Which of the following medical interventions may be used to optimize cerebral perfusion in pediatric intracranial hemorrhage?
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Study Notes
Pediatric Intracranial Hemorrhage
- A type of bleeding that occurs within the skull and brain of pediatric patients
Causes
- Trauma (most common cause)
- Non-accidental trauma (shaken baby syndrome)
- Coagulation disorders (e.g. hemophilia)
- Vasculitis
- Infections (e.g. meningitis, encephalitis)
- Tumors
- Arteriovenous malformations
Risk Factors
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight
- Family history of bleeding disorders
- Genetic disorders (e.g. hemophilia)
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs and symptoms: vomiting, seizures, lethargy, and irritability
- Imaging studies:
- Gold standard: Computed Tomography (CT) scan
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may also be used
- Laboratory tests: complete blood count, coagulation studies, and blood chemistry
Pediatric Critical Care Nursing and Medical Management
- Optimization of cerebral perfusion:
- Maintain optimal blood pressure
- Ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation
- Monitor and control fever
- Administer medications to control seizures and pain
- Provide emotional support to the child and family
- Interventions:
- Fluid management
- Medication management
- Pain management
- Seizure management
- Nutritional support
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