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What is the primary purpose of Neuromuscular Blockers?
What is the primary purpose of Neuromuscular Blockers?
- To relieve pain during surgical procedures
- To provide central nervous system activity
- To reduce spasticity in neurologic conditions
- To interfere with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate (correct)
Which type of muscle relaxants has the shortest duration of action?
Which type of muscle relaxants has the shortest duration of action?
- Pancuronium
- Mivacurium (correct)
- Atracurium
- Vecuronium
In what type of conditions are Spasmolytics used?
In what type of conditions are Spasmolytics used?
- To enhance central nervous system activity
- To induce muscle spasms
- To relieve pain post-surgery
- To reduce spasticity in neurologic conditions (correct)
Which medication doesn't require a muscarinic receptor antagonist for reversal of its effects?
Which medication doesn't require a muscarinic receptor antagonist for reversal of its effects?
What is the main characteristic of Spasmolytics?
What is the main characteristic of Spasmolytics?
What is the general route of administration for Neuromuscular Blockers?
What is the general route of administration for Neuromuscular Blockers?
What is the mechanism of action of Depolarizing Agents like Succinylcholine?
What is the mechanism of action of Depolarizing Agents like Succinylcholine?
Which phase of the Neuromuscular Blockers effect involves continuous muscle contraction and spastic paralysis?
Which phase of the Neuromuscular Blockers effect involves continuous muscle contraction and spastic paralysis?
How is the toxicity of Non-Depolarizing Blockers best managed?
How is the toxicity of Non-Depolarizing Blockers best managed?
What are the clinical uses of Neuromuscular Blockers?
What are the clinical uses of Neuromuscular Blockers?
Which condition can Neuromuscular Blockers cause that may lead to cardiac arrest?
Which condition can Neuromuscular Blockers cause that may lead to cardiac arrest?
What is the primary purpose of Spasmolytics?
What is the primary purpose of Spasmolytics?
What is the mechanism of action of non-depolarizing blockers?
What is the mechanism of action of non-depolarizing blockers?
Which drug is known for causing 'spastic contraction'?
Which drug is known for causing 'spastic contraction'?
What is the effect of an irreversible neuromuscular blocker on muscle contraction?
What is the effect of an irreversible neuromuscular blocker on muscle contraction?
How does a depolarizing blocker mimic acetylcholine?
How does a depolarizing blocker mimic acetylcholine?
What is the outcome of succinylcholine competing with a true NM agonist at the receptor level?
What is the outcome of succinylcholine competing with a true NM agonist at the receptor level?
Which neuromuscular blocker has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action among the listed options?
Which neuromuscular blocker has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action among the listed options?
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Study Notes
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
- Neuromuscular blockers are used during surgical procedures and in Intensive care units, often in combination with general anesthetics, local anesthetics, and analgesic agents like opioids to provide pain relief.
Neuromuscular Blockers
- Interfere with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate, lacking central nervous system activity, and are used primarily as adjuncts to general anesthesia.
- Adverse reactions include bronchoconstriction, hypotension, flushing, respiratory paralysis, and ganglionic blockade.
- Toxicity is best managed with neostigmine and other cholinesterase inhibitors like edrophonium and pyridostigmine.
Non-Depolarizing Blockers
- Mechanism of action involves binding to the nicotinic receptor, preventing acetylcholine binding, and inhibiting muscle contraction, resulting in flaccid paralysis.
- Examples include pancuronium, rapacuronium, and rocuronium.
Depolarizing Agents
- Succinylcholine attaches to the nicotinic receptor, depolarizing the junction, and causing transient twitching of the muscle (fasciculations).
- Two phases of action:
- Phase I Block (Depolarization): stimulation of the receptor, fasciculations, continuous muscle contraction, fatigue, and spastic paralysis.
- Phase II Block (Desensitization): the initial end-plate depolarization decreases, and the membrane becomes repolarized.
Clinical Uses of Neuromuscular Blockers
- Surgical relaxation for intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic procedures.
- Control of ventilation for severe bronchospasm, pneumonia, and COPD.
- Treatment of convulsions, epilepsy, and seizures.
Spasmolytics (Antispasmodics or Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants)
- Used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in neurological conditions.
- Examples include mivacurium, which has the shortest duration of action among non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
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