PCOL 4-2 Transporters targets of drug action
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Questions and Answers

Which type of membrane protein allows ions to passively diffuse into the cell?

  • Ion channels (correct)
  • Transporters
  • Receptors
  • Facilitators

    • What is the main role of neurotransmitter transporters?

  • To interact with ligands and enter the cell
  • To clear neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft (correct)
  • To move substrates into the cell against the electrochemical gradient
  • To control the movement of nutrients across the cell membrane

    • Which type of transporters are all neurotransmitter transporters?

  • Primary transporters
  • Secondary transporters (correct)
  • Facilitators
  • Ion channels

    • Where are EAAT1 and EAAT2 found?

    <p>On astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transporters use pre-existing ion gradients?

    <p>Secondary transporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the brain?

    <p>Transporting glutamate into astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not true about transporters?

    <p>They control the movement of nutrients only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are EAAT3 and EAAT4 found?

    <p>Post-synaptic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the brain?

    <p>They transport glutamate into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of neurotransmitter transporters?

    <p>To remove neurotransmitters from the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net transfer of ions when glutamate is transported into the cell?

    <p>Net influx of K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine?

    <p>DAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine?

    <p>NET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin?

    <p>SERT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is found in inhibitory neurons where no glycine is required as an agonist?

    <p>GlyT2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine?

    <p>DAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine?

    <p>NET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin?

    <p>SERT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances was previously used to treat narcolepsy, Parkinson's, alcoholism, depression, and obesity?

    <p>Amphetamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance has more exaggerated effects and a higher addiction risk compared to the others?

    <p>Methamphetamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can't be the long-term effects of chronic Amphetamine/Methamphetamine use?

    <p>Decreased Libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the potential consequences of Amphetamine/Methamphetamine overdose?

    <p>Kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action (MOA) of Cocaine?

    <p>Inhibition of dopamine reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Cocaine as a topical anaesthetic?

    <p>It blocks sodium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Drosophila dopamine transporter (dDAT)?

    <p>To inhibit the reuptake of dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the potential consequences of chronic Amphetamine/Methamphetamine use?

    <p>Tooth decay and dental problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the potential consequences of Cocaine overdose?

    <p>Brain damage and hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action (MOA) of Amphetamine/Methamphetamine?

    <p>Competition with VMAT for dopamine storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Membrane Proteins and Transporters

    • Ion channels facilitate the passive diffusion of ions across the cell membrane.
    • Neurotransmitter transporters are responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic neuron.

    Types of Transporters

    • All neurotransmitter transporters are classified as uniporters, moving one type of molecule across the membrane.
    • EAAT1 and EAAT2 are primarily located in astrocytes within the central nervous system.

    Ion Gradients and Functions

    • Secondary active transporters utilize pre-existing ion gradients established by primary active transport.
    • Both EAAT1 and EAAT2 play a critical role in clearing glutamate from the synaptic cleft, preventing excitotoxicity.

    Transporter Locations

    • EAAT3 is found primarily in neurons, while EAAT4 is predominantly expressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.

    Neurotransmitter Reuptake

    • Glutamate transport results in the net influx of sodium ions and the efflux of potassium ions during transport into the cell.
    • The dopamine transporter (DAT) is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine.
    • The norepinephrine transporter (NET) takes up norepinephrine.
    • The serotonin transporter (SERT) is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin.

    Specific Transporter Roles

    • The glycine transporter (GlyT) is used in inhibitory neurons where glycine is not required as an agonist, ensuring neurotransmission balance.

    Substance Effects

    • Amphetamines have been used historically to treat various conditions, including narcolepsy and obesity, but pose significant risks.
    • Methamphetamine exhibits more pronounced effects and a higher potential for addiction compared to other stimulants.

    Chronic Use Consequences

    • Long-term use of Amphetamines and Methamphetamines can lead to psychosis, cardiovascular issues, and cognitive decline.
    • Overdose consequences include extreme agitation, seizures, and hyperthermia.

    Cocaine and Its Actions

    • The primary mode of action of cocaine involves blocking the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
    • As a topical anesthetic, cocaine provides localized pain relief due to its ability to block sodium channels.

    Drosophila Dopamine Transporter

    • The Drosophila dopamine transporter (dDAT) functions similarly to mammalian transporters, regulating dopamine levels in the synapse.

    General Consequences of Substance Abuse

    • Chronic use of Amphetamines can lead to neurotoxicity and behavioral changes, while overdose consequences of cocaine include potential seizures and cardiac arrest.

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    Test your knowledge on transporters, ion channels, and receptors with this quiz! Learn about how these components control the movement of substances across the cell membrane, their functions, and more.

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