Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of membrane protein allows ions to passively diffuse into the cell?
Which type of membrane protein allows ions to passively diffuse into the cell?
What is the main role of neurotransmitter transporters?
What is the main role of neurotransmitter transporters?
Which type of transporters are all neurotransmitter transporters?
Which type of transporters are all neurotransmitter transporters?
Where are EAAT1 and EAAT2 found?
Where are EAAT1 and EAAT2 found?
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Which type of transporters use pre-existing ion gradients?
Which type of transporters use pre-existing ion gradients?
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What is the role of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the brain?
What is the role of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the brain?
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Which of the following is not true about transporters?
Which of the following is not true about transporters?
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Where are EAAT3 and EAAT4 found?
Where are EAAT3 and EAAT4 found?
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What is the function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the brain?
What is the function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the brain?
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What is the main role of neurotransmitter transporters?
What is the main role of neurotransmitter transporters?
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What is the net transfer of ions when glutamate is transported into the cell?
What is the net transfer of ions when glutamate is transported into the cell?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is found in inhibitory neurons where no glycine is required as an agonist?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is found in inhibitory neurons where no glycine is required as an agonist?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine?
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Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin?
Which neurotransmitter transporter is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin?
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Which of the following substances was previously used to treat narcolepsy, Parkinson's, alcoholism, depression, and obesity?
Which of the following substances was previously used to treat narcolepsy, Parkinson's, alcoholism, depression, and obesity?
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Which substance has more exaggerated effects and a higher addiction risk compared to the others?
Which substance has more exaggerated effects and a higher addiction risk compared to the others?
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What can't be the long-term effects of chronic Amphetamine/Methamphetamine use?
What can't be the long-term effects of chronic Amphetamine/Methamphetamine use?
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What are some of the potential consequences of Amphetamine/Methamphetamine overdose?
What are some of the potential consequences of Amphetamine/Methamphetamine overdose?
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What is the primary mode of action (MOA) of Cocaine?
What is the primary mode of action (MOA) of Cocaine?
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What is the role of Cocaine as a topical anaesthetic?
What is the role of Cocaine as a topical anaesthetic?
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What is the function of the Drosophila dopamine transporter (dDAT)?
What is the function of the Drosophila dopamine transporter (dDAT)?
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What are some of the potential consequences of chronic Amphetamine/Methamphetamine use?
What are some of the potential consequences of chronic Amphetamine/Methamphetamine use?
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What are some of the potential consequences of Cocaine overdose?
What are some of the potential consequences of Cocaine overdose?
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What is the primary mode of action (MOA) of Amphetamine/Methamphetamine?
What is the primary mode of action (MOA) of Amphetamine/Methamphetamine?
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Study Notes
Membrane Proteins and Transporters
- Ion channels facilitate the passive diffusion of ions across the cell membrane.
- Neurotransmitter transporters are responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic neuron.
Types of Transporters
- All neurotransmitter transporters are classified as uniporters, moving one type of molecule across the membrane.
- EAAT1 and EAAT2 are primarily located in astrocytes within the central nervous system.
Ion Gradients and Functions
- Secondary active transporters utilize pre-existing ion gradients established by primary active transport.
- Both EAAT1 and EAAT2 play a critical role in clearing glutamate from the synaptic cleft, preventing excitotoxicity.
Transporter Locations
- EAAT3 is found primarily in neurons, while EAAT4 is predominantly expressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.
Neurotransmitter Reuptake
- Glutamate transport results in the net influx of sodium ions and the efflux of potassium ions during transport into the cell.
- The dopamine transporter (DAT) is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine.
- The norepinephrine transporter (NET) takes up norepinephrine.
- The serotonin transporter (SERT) is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin.
Specific Transporter Roles
- The glycine transporter (GlyT) is used in inhibitory neurons where glycine is not required as an agonist, ensuring neurotransmission balance.
Substance Effects
- Amphetamines have been used historically to treat various conditions, including narcolepsy and obesity, but pose significant risks.
- Methamphetamine exhibits more pronounced effects and a higher potential for addiction compared to other stimulants.
Chronic Use Consequences
- Long-term use of Amphetamines and Methamphetamines can lead to psychosis, cardiovascular issues, and cognitive decline.
- Overdose consequences include extreme agitation, seizures, and hyperthermia.
Cocaine and Its Actions
- The primary mode of action of cocaine involves blocking the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
- As a topical anesthetic, cocaine provides localized pain relief due to its ability to block sodium channels.
Drosophila Dopamine Transporter
- The Drosophila dopamine transporter (dDAT) functions similarly to mammalian transporters, regulating dopamine levels in the synapse.
General Consequences of Substance Abuse
- Chronic use of Amphetamines can lead to neurotoxicity and behavioral changes, while overdose consequences of cocaine include potential seizures and cardiac arrest.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on transporters, ion channels, and receptors with this quiz! Learn about how these components control the movement of substances across the cell membrane, their functions, and more.
