PCOL 4-1 Neuropeptides
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes neuropeptides?

  • Peptides that act as neurotransmitters in the nervous system (correct)
  • Small proteins found only in the CNS
  • Linear peptides that act as neurotransmitters in the CNS
  • Proteins that act as hormones in the PNS

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neuropeptides?

  • They can act as hormones (correct)
  • They are linear peptides
  • Found in both CNS and PNS
  • There are more than 100 identified so far

    • What is a challenge in using antagonists to study neuropeptides?

  • Poor antagonism
  • Peptidase inhibition
  • Inverse agonism (correct)
  • Compensation in knock-out animals

    • What is the purpose of using peptidase inhibitors in neuropeptide research?

    <p>To increase the effects of endogenous neuropeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function associated with endogenous opioids?

    <p>Memory formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects do opioid agonists cause?

    <p>Euphoria and pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is negated by naloxone (opioid antagonist)?

    <p>Stress-induced analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects observed in opioid knockout animals?

    <p>Decreased anxiety and fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neuropeptides?

    <p>They have a reuptake mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects are observed when using peptidase inhibitors in rodents?

    <p>Antinociceptive, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step occurs after N-terminal cleavage by peptidase during neuropeptide synthesis?

    <p>Neuropeptide Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of neuropeptides?

    <p>Neuropeptides act more like GABA or Glu than 5-HT or NAd.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of using neuropeptides as drugs?

    <p>Neuropeptides have poor blood-brain barrier permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neuropeptides in the brain?

    <p>Neuropeptides act more like GABA or Glu than 5-HT or NAd.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>CRF1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF) in coordinating responses to stress?

    <p>Controlling behavioral and metabolic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence supporting the role of CRF in depression and anxiety?

    <p>CRF1 mutations are associated with depression and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF) on the pituitary gland?

    <p>Stimulate corticotrophin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation in using neuropeptides as drugs in clinical practice?

    <p>Rapid degradation by peptidases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in studying neuropeptides using antagonists?

    <p>Difficulty in determining drug concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) in the brain?

    <p>Controlling behavioral responses to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuropeptides Overview

    • Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules that act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
    • They play a crucial role in intercellular communication in the nervous system.

    Characteristics of Neuropeptides

    • Neuropeptides have a relatively high molecular weight compared to classical neurotransmitters.
    • They often have a broader range of functions, including modulation of pain, reward, food intake, anxiety, and stress responses.
    • NOT a characteristic: Neuropeptides typically do not have traditional receptor subtypes like classical neurotransmitters.

    Challenges with Antagonists

    • Studying neuropeptides using antagonists can be complicated due to the pleiotropic nature of neuropeptide actions and the possibility of off-target effects.

    Use of Peptidase Inhibitors

    • Peptidase inhibitors are used in research to prevent the degradation of neuropeptides, allowing for a clearer assessment of their physiological roles.

    Endogenous Opioids

    • Functions associated with endogenous opioids include pain relief, mood regulation, and stress response.
    • NOT a function of endogenous opioids: They do not directly increase physical strength.

    Effects of Opioid Agonists

    • Opioid agonists can lead to analgesia (pain relief), euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, and decreased gastrointestinal motility.

    Naloxone

    • Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, negates the effects of opioid agonists, particularly in reversing respiratory depression.

    Opioid Knockout Animals

    • Opioid knockout animals exhibit altered pain response, increased sensitivity to stress, and changes in reward-seeking behavior.

    Peptidase Inhibitors in Rodents

    • Administration of peptidase inhibitors in rodents can enhance the availability of neuropeptides, impacting behavior and physiological outcomes positively.

    Neuropeptide Synthesis

    • Following N-terminal cleavage by peptidase during neuropeptide synthesis, further post-translational modifications may occur, ensuring functional maturation.

    Limitations of Neuropeptides as Drugs

    • One limitation is their instability in physiological conditions, making them difficult to administer effectively in clinical settings.
    • Another challenge involves the complex receptor systems and therapeutic window limitations.

    Role of Neuropeptides in the Brain

    • Neuropeptides are involved in regulating mood, stress response, and various neural processes in the central nervous system (CNS).

    Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF)

    • CRF is widely expressed in the CNS and plays a key role in the body’s response to stress, acting as a crucial mediator in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

    CRF and Mental Health

    • Evidence suggests a link between CRF levels and the development of depression and anxiety disorders, highlighting its importance in mental health research.
    • Primary action of CRF on the pituitary gland is to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn influences cortisol release from the adrenal glands.

    Clinical Limitations of CRF

    • Potential limitations in using neuropeptides like CRF in clinical settings include difficulty in achieving targeted delivery and variability in individual responses.

    Conclusion

    • Understanding the role and function of neuropeptides and CRF is essential in the context of neurobiology and pharmacology for developing effective treatments for various conditions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on neuropeptides and their effects in the nervous system with this quiz. Explore their functions as neurotransmitters, hormones, and more.

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