Patient-Centered Nursing Approaches

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Questions and Answers

What should be done when a mistake is made in the clinical record?

White out the mistake completely

Cross it out and write 'error' next to it

Ignore the error and make a note on a separate page

Draw a line through it and note 'mistaken entry' (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of accurate documentation?

Avoiding irrelevant information

Including personal opinions (correct)

Recording only observations

Using clear and concise language

How should events be documented in a clinical record?

In random order for flexibility

Only the significant events should be recorded

Only when necessary to save space

In chronological order as they occur (correct)

What is a key consideration for maintaining confidentiality in a clinical record?

Only health professionals directly involved in care can access it Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes 'legal prudence' in medical documentation?

Documentation should be thorough for legal protection Signup and view all the answers

What essential information should be included in a telephone report?

Date and time of the report Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for telephone orders?

Only a registered nurse (RN) may receive them Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is a blank space in the clinical record?

Draw a line through the blank space and sign Signup and view all the answers

What parts constitute a basic 3-part nursing diagnosis statement?

Problem, Etiology, Signs and symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a risk nursing diagnosis?

A clinical judgment about a potential future problem Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT typically considered a member of NANDA?

Hospital janitorial staff Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of NANDA?

To define and refine nursing diagnostic terminology Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the initial planning phase of nursing care?

Planning performed by the nurse conducting the admission assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nursing diagnosis would indicate a possible health issue without clear evidence?

Possible nursing diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes ongoing planning in nursing?

It involves constant assessment and modification of the care plan throughout the patient's stay. Signup and view all the answers

What type of nursing diagnosis describes human responses to enhanced wellness?

Wellness diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a collaborative problem?

Potential complications of diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of goal setting in the planning phase of nursing?

Creating measurable and behavioral objectives for evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What does Faye Glenn Abdellah consider as part of nursing?

Service to individuals and families Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Dorothy E. Johnson's seven subsystems?

Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory emphasizes interaction primarily between which two parties?

Nurse and patient Signup and view all the answers

Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Model focuses on what aspect of nursing?

Culturally derived expressions of caring Signup and view all the answers

Myra Estrin Levine's Four Conservation Principles deal with maintaining what aspect of individuals?

Unity and integrity Signup and view all the answers

What does Betty Neuman emphasize in her Health Care System Model?

All variables affecting individual response to stress Signup and view all the answers

Dorothea Orem’s Self-care Nursing Theory identifies which of the following nursing systems?

All the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the four phases of Hildegard Peplau's psychodynamic model?

Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, Resolution Signup and view all the answers

According to Martha Rogers, how is a person viewed?

As an irreducible whole, greater than the sum of its parts Signup and view all the answers

Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model aims to enhance what through adaptation?

Life processes Signup and view all the answers

In Lydia Hall's Care, Core and Cure Model, 'Core' refers to what?

The nurse's self-reflection and therapeutic use of self Signup and view all the answers

Ida Jean Orlando's model highlights the importance of which elements in nursing?

Client behavior, nurse reaction, and nurse action Signup and view all the answers

Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory includes how many curative factors?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nurses according to the Self-care Nursing Theory by Dorothea Orem?

To promote and maintain personal well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of primary prevention in health?

To encourage optimal health and increase resistance to illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the tertiary prevention strategy?

Annual physical examinations Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the dependent patient role?

Dependence on health professionals for help and validation Signup and view all the answers

What are risk factors in the context of illness vulnerability?

Conditions that increase the likelihood of illness or accidents Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress?

Stressor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

Seeking prompt treatment to limit disability from an illness Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physiological response to stress?

Elevated heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the emotional response often felt by patients accepting their illness?

Fear and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

After what stage is the recovery or rehabilitation process expected to occur?

Dependent patient role Signup and view all the answers

What could be considered an internal stressor?

Depression experienced by a patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the nursing role as a caregiver?

To prioritize client dignity while meeting their needs Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption is NOT part of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's Human Becoming Theory?

Human becoming is primarily influenced by a single external force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of illness prevention programs?

Maintaining optimal health through disease prevention Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing practice involves analyzing assessment data to determine a diagnosis?

Diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What does the role of a nurse as a communicator primarily involve?

Communicating identified problems to the healthcare team Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT typically considered part of restoring health within nursing practice?

Administering routine immunizations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nursing scope of promoting health and wellness?

Maximizing personal potential through healthy behaviors Signup and view all the answers

In the nursing process, what is the significance of the evaluation step?

Analyzing effectiveness of implemented strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which function of nursing best describes acting as a client advocate?

Protecting clients' rights and needs Signup and view all the answers

In nursing, which of the following describes resource utilization?

Considering safety, effectiveness, and cost in planning Signup and view all the answers

How does positive feelings expression contribute to nursing practice?

It fosters a supportive therapeutic environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of allowing existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces in nursing?

To address holistic aspects of patient care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of the planning step in nursing practice?

Developing a specific strategy to achieve outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Models and Theories

Faye Glenn Abdellah: Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing Model identifying 21 nursing problems; views nursing as a service to individuals and families.
Dorothy E. Johnson: Behavioral System Model which comprises seven subsystems: injective, eliminative, affiliative, aggressive, dependence, achievement, and sexual/role identity.
Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory stressing the interaction process between patient and nurse, encompassing operational, interpersonal, and social systems.
Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Model highlights cultural care diversity and the process of human caring across different cultures.
Myra Estrin Levine: Four Conservation Principles focused on energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity.
Betty Neuman: Health Care System Model emphasizing stress variables (intrapersonal, interpersonal, extrapersonal) affecting individual responses.
Dorothea Orem: Self-Care and Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, outlining three nursing systems: wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative.
Hildegard Peplau: Psychodynamic Model featuring four phases of nurse-client relationships: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Being views humans as irreducible wholes with continuous interaction with their environment.
Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation Model defining adaptation as a process for enhancing life through four modes: physiological, self-concept, role-function, and interdependence modes.
Lydia Hall: Care, Core, and Cure Model focusing on nursing's nurturing aspects, therapeutic self-use, and physician-related care.
Ida Jean Orlando: Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship Model centered on nurse-client interaction to meet immediate needs.
Jean Watson: Human Caring Theory emphasizing caring as the essence of nursing, including ten curative factors.
RoseMarie Rizzo Parse: Human Becoming Theory highlighting personal meaning and responsibility in health choices.

Scope of Nursing Practice

Promoting Health and Wellness: Engaging in activities that improve quality of life, such as nutrition, fitness, and accident prevention.
Preventing Illness: Aims to maintain health through immunizations, prenatal care, and STI prevention.
Restoring Health: Involves early disease detection, providing direct care, assessment, education, and rehabilitation.
Caring for Dying: Ensures comfort and support for patients nearing death while assisting families in coping.

Standards of Nursing Practice

Focus on assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, evaluation, quality of practice, and education.
Ethical provisions and collaborative practice are essential components.
Legal documentation practices emphasize accuracy, sequence, appropriateness, completeness, conciseness, and confidentiality.

Roles and Functions of a Nurse

Caregiver: Focuses on physical and psychological assistance while maintaining client dignity.
Communicator: Shares client health concerns with the healthcare team.
Teacher: Educates clients about health and self-care procedures.
Client Advocate: Protects client rights and aids in self-advocacy.
Counselor: Provides emotional and psychological support.
Change Agent: Facilitates behavioral modifications in clients.
Leader: Guides teams towards common goals.
Manager: Oversees operational aspects and staff development.

Nursing Documentation

Accuracy: The client's name must be noted on each page; record factual observations.
Sequence: Document events in chronological order.
Appropriateness: Record relevant information only to maintain privacy.
Completeness: Ensure documented information is thorough and informative.
Conciseness: Maintain brief yet complete records for efficiency.
Legal Prudence: Documentation protects legal rights for clients and healthcare providers.

Types of Nursing Diagnosis

Actual Diagnosis: Present client issues (e.g., anxiety).
Risk Nursing Diagnosis: Potential problems based on risk factors (e.g., risk for infection).
Wellness Diagnosis: Opportunities for enhancing well-being (e.g., readiness for enhanced well-being).
Possible Nursing Diagnosis: Unclear or incomplete evidence of health issues (e.g., possible social isolation).
Syndrome Diagnosis: Associated with clusters of diagnoses (e.g., risk for disuse syndrome).

Planning in Nursing

Involves systematic decision-making and goal-setting with a focus on involving clients and families.
Types of Planning: Initial, ongoing, and discharge planning ensures comprehensive healthcare.

These structured notes summarize critical information pertinent to nursing theories, roles, practices, and documentation processes, serving as a concise study guide for nursing students.### Emotional Responses to Illness

Acceptance of illness allows individuals to assume the sick role.
Assuming the sick role leads to being excused from normal duties and role expectations.
Family and friends provide confirmation and support in the sick role.
Medical contact is essential for validation, symptom explanation, and reassurance about outcomes.
Patients may become dependent on healthcare professionals for guidance and assistance.
Over time, patients may become more passive and may revert to earlier behavior patterns.
Recovery requires relinquishing the dependent role and resuming prior responsibilities.

Risk Factors for Illness

Risk factors are conditions or variables that increase vulnerability to illness or accidents.
Genetic and physiological factors, age, environment, and lifestyle are significant contributors to risk.

Leavell and Clark's Three Levels of Prevention

Primary Prevention

Aims to promote optimal health and increase resistance to illness.
Focuses on disease prevention before it occurs.
Involves health promotion and specific protection strategies:
- Quitting smoking.
- Limiting alcohol intake.
- Regular exercise.
- Consuming a balanced diet, reducing fats, and increasing fiber.

Secondary Prevention

Also known as health maintenance; seeks early identification of diseases.
Aims to prevent or limit disabilities through prompt intervention.
Early diagnosis and screening practices:
- Annual physical examinations.
- Regular pap smears for women.
- Monthly breast self-exams (BSE) for women.

Tertiary Prevention

Takes place after disease or disability has occurred focusing on recovery.
Aims to stop the disease progression and assist in achieving optimal health.
Rehabilitation practices include:
- Blood glucose monitoring for diabetics.
- Physical therapy after a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
- Speech therapy following laryngectomy.

Physiological Responses to Stress and Illness

Stress is an inherent experience for everyone, resulting from imbalances in emotional or physiological states.
Stressors are events or stimuli triggering stress responses.
Coping strategies, mechanisms, and responses are employed to manage stress.
Sources of stress can be:
- Internal stressors: Originating within individuals, such as depression in cancer patients.
- External stressors: Originating from outside individuals.

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Description

Explore the principles of patient-centered nursing through Faye Glenn Abdellah's model. This quiz highlights key aspects of nursing related to personal faith, accomplishments, recreation, and health development. Test your knowledge on the 21 identified nursing problems and the definition of nursing as a comprehensive service.