Nursing Process in Patient-Centered Pharmacotherapy

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct technique for administering eardrops to a child?

Tilt the head down and back (correct)

Keep the head upright

Tilt the head up and back

Have the child lie on their stomach

Which method is used to enhance the delivery of medication from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?

Using a compressor

Using a nebulizer

Using a spacer (correct)

Using supplemental oxygen

What position should a patient be in when administering a vaginal suppository?

Lithotomy position (correct)

Left side-lying

Sitting upright

Supine with feet flat

Which of the following is NOT a consideration when using a nasogastric tube for drug administration?

Pour drug into syringe quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of parenteral drug administration?

Bypasses the first-pass effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the assessment phase in the nursing process?

To systematically document information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of subjective data in the assessment phase?

Patient's reported pain level Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing diagnosis intended to accomplish?

To analyze assessment data for diagnosis creation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor could contribute to a patient's nonadherence to medication?

Side effects experienced from the medication Signup and view all the answers

During the planning phase, which quality is essential for goal setting?

Goals must be realistic and measurable Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of patient teaching in pharmacotherapy?

Promoting health and addressing specific skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rights is part of the five-plus-five rights of medication administration?

Right documentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a family member in a patient's pharmacotherapy?

To provide psychological support and observe treatment effects Signup and view all the answers

What does the evaluation phase determine in the nursing process?

How well the goals set were achieved Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the planning phase?

Facilitates medication administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of epinephrine?

To stimulate the heart and open airways Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Humalog and Humulin is correct?

Humalog is fast-acting insulin used before meals. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first according to the guidelines for correct medication administration?

Wash hands before preparing medications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action when preparing to administer medications that are potentially toxic?

Double check the dosage with another nurse. Signup and view all the answers

Which practice should be avoided when pouring liquid medications?

Pouring the liquid down a sink to avoid spills. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of solution that can be administered IM at one site for adults?

2.5 to 3 ml Signup and view all the answers

When giving medications to patients who need extra assistance, what is the recommended procedure?

Administer drugs last after helping others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method for discarding needles and syringes?

Place them in appropriate containers. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to avoid contamination during medication administration?

Apply medications with clean tools like tongue blades Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary action when discarding unused solutions from ampules?

Witness is required during disposal Signup and view all the answers

How should medications in a double-locked drawer be managed?

Keep narcotics locked at all times Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms should never be cut in half?

Timed-release tablets Signup and view all the answers

What should be recorded when a medication is refused by a patient?

The drug, the reason for refusal, and the time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key consideration when administering liquid medications?

Read instructions for shaking or not shaking Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured when opioids are stored in a facility?

Keys to the opioid cabinets must be with the nurse at all times Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with medications administered sublingually and bucally?

They should remain in place until fully absorbed Signup and view all the answers

When administering irritating drugs, what is a recommended practice?

Administer them with food to reduce irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method to measure a liquid medication accurately?

Use the meniscus to measure the desired dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a patient must mix medication with their feeding tube formula?

Consult with a pharmacist before mixing. Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration involves applying medication directly to the skin?

Topical Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed before administering medication to a patient?

Ability to swallow and current NPO status Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct documentation after administering a medication?

Name of drug, dose, route, time, date, and nurse’s signature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a right of the nurse when administering medication?

Right to complete a financial transaction Signup and view all the answers

How can medication errors be most effectively minimized?

Using barcode scanning systems Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication requires special caution due to the seriousness of potential consequences?

High-alert medications Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient refuses medication?

Determine reasons for refusal and facilitate administration Signup and view all the answers

What is medication reconciliation most commonly associated with?

Comparing current medication orders to past medications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following abbreviations is used to indicate 'twice a day'?

BID Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of medication errors?

Accidental injury from medications Signup and view all the answers

What technique should be used when administering drugs to ensure patient safety?

Use aseptic technique Signup and view all the answers

What does LASA stand for in medication safety?

Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Signup and view all the answers

Which route involves administering medication through the muscle?

Intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Nursing Process in Patient-Centered Pharmacotherapy

The nursing process consists of five phases: Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

Assessment

Involves systematic validation and documentation of patient information, forming the basis for diagnosis.
Subjective Data: Information described by the patient, including current history, symptoms, medications, past history, and environment.
Objective Data: Measurable signs detected by another person, such as physical assessments, lab tests, and diagnostic tests.

Factors Affecting Medication Adherence

Common factors leading to nonadherence include forgetfulness, family issues, knowledge deficits, language barriers, side effects, cost, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and trust issues in healthcare systems.

Nursing Diagnosis

Derived from an analysis of assessment data, nursing diagnoses address actual problems or risk factors and guide the creation of personalized care plans.
Examples include pain related to fear of addiction, acute confusion from medication reactions, and knowledge deficiencies regarding anticoagulants.

Planning

Characterized by goal setting with realistic, measurable outcomes and defined timelines for re-evaluation.
Goals must be patient-centered, acceptable to both patient and nurse, and shared with the healthcare team and family.

Implementation and Nursing Interventions

Focuses on education, medication administration, patient care, and other interventions.
Effective patient teaching depends on understanding the patient's readiness to learn, attention span, and motivation.

Inclusion of Family Members

Family members can provide psychological support, assist in therapy administration, observe effectiveness and side effects, and help implement care changes.

Patient Education Topics

Cover adherence, self-administration skills, dietary guidelines, side effects management, and cultural considerations.

Evaluation

Assesses the degree of goal attainment.
If goals are unmet, collaboration with the patient and family helps identify reasons and adjust plans.

Safety and Quality in Pharmacotherapy

Follow the "Five-Plus-Five Rights of Medication Administration": right patient, drug, dose, route, time, assessment, documentation, patient education, evaluation, and the right to refuse.

Medication Administration Guidelines

Identify patients with two forms of ID before medication administration.
Ensure medications are given via the correct route for effective absorption and check for contraindications.
Assess swallowing capabilities and nurse interventions such as observing drug ingestion.

Documentation and Reporting

Proper documentation includes drug name, dose, route, time, the nurse's signature, and patient responses.
Report medication errors immediately and complete incident reports.

Medication Error Prevention

Utilize technology such as barcoding, maintain lists of acceptable abbreviations, and ensure proper drug reconciliation during transitions.

Medication Reconciliation

Involves comparing a patient's current medications against new orders during transitions such as admission, transfer, or discharge.

Forms and Routes of Drug Administration

Common routes include sublingual, oral, transdermal, topical, and parenteral (IV, IM, SC).
Emphasize proper administration techniques for each route to prevent errors and maximize efficacy.

Special Considerations

Use child-resistant packaging for pediatric medications.
Inhalation methods require precise techniques, including the use of metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers for effective delivery.
Ensure all recording and charting are prompt, particularly for any PRN medications.

Storage and Disposal

Controlled substances must be securely stored and disposed of according to established protocols.
Report any drug waste according to agency policy and ensure safe disposal methods are followed.

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Description

Explore the critical phases of the nursing process in patient-centered pharmacotherapy. This quiz covers assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, emphasizing the importance of systematic validation and documentation. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in nursing practice.