Questions and Answers
What term describes shortness of air as perceived by the patient?
Which of the following terms refers to shortness of air when lying flat?
What is the purpose of the 'A' in SOAP notes?
What does purulent sputum indicate?
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Which characteristic does not describe mucoid sputum?
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What is crucial for properly identifying a patient during assessment?
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What does pedal edema refer to?
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Which term describes coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum?
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What does a respiratory rate faster than 27 breaths per minute indicate?
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Which level of consciousness describes a patient who does not awaken completely and responds slowly to painful stimuli?
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What skin color is associated with abnormal breathing and can indicate poor oxygenation?
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Which of the following is considered hypertension according to blood pressure readings?
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Which symptom likely indicates a patient is experiencing respiratory distress?
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What vital sign is referred to as the 5th vital sign?
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What is the normal range for oxygen saturation levels?
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What is indicated by a pulse pressure outside the normal range of 30 to 40 mmHg?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 Rights to Medication Delivery?
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Which technique is used for assessing the respiratory system in an orderly manner?
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What abnormal sound might indicate pleural effusion during percussion?
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Which of the following breath sounds is characterized by loud, high-pitched sounds heard over the trachea?
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What term describes the condition of a patient having less than 5 grams of saturated hemoglobin?
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In which position should a patient be for an anterior thorax exam?
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What type of abnormal sound suggests an obstruction of larger airways by secretions?
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What is indicated by finding abnormally located bronchial sounds during auscultation?
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What does a pleural rub sound like during auscultation?
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What is the primary purpose of using transmitted voice sounds during a respiratory exam?
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Which breath sound is associated with an inspiratory musical wheeze?
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What condition is suggested by markedly increased jugular venous pressure?
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Which term describes the normal sound created by turbulent air flow during breathing?
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What is the expected finding during percussion of an aerated lung?
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Which level of consciousness involves a patient that becomes awake only with significant stimulation?
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What indicates a respiratory rate considered as tachypnea?
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Which skin color is typically associated with cyanosis, indicating potential respiratory distress?
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What is considered hypotension based on blood pressure readings?
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What is the purpose of evaluating appearance during a patient's assessment?
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What is the normal respiratory rate range for adults?
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Which of the following best describes orthopnea?
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Which description best fits a patient with a heart rate classified as bradycardia?
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Which muscle retractions could indicate abnormal breathing in children?
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In SOAP notes, what is primarily assessed during the 'O' (objective) section?
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What is classified as normal blood pressure for adults?
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Which of the following best describes hemoptysis?
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What does the term 'clubbed fingers' indicate during a bedside assessment?
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What is a typical characteristic of purulent sputum?
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During patient assessment, why is it crucial to confirm the patient's identity with two forms of ID?
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What does the 'P' in SOAP notes refer to?
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Which abnormal thorax configuration involves an outward protrusion of the sternum?
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What is a common cause of late inspiratory crackles?
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What type of lung resonance may indicate the presence of pleural effusion during percussion?
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Which transmitted voice sound indicates an increase in lung density, making the sound clearer?
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What characterizes stridor when assessing breath sounds?
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What lung sound is typically associated with fluid in the airways?
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What breath sound is primarily associated with the presence of wheeze?
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Which of the following configurations can lead to air trapping in the thorax?
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What distinguishes adventitious breath sounds from normal breath sounds?
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Which position is recommended for a patient during the posterior thorax exam?
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Which of the following scenarios can increase jugular venous pressure?
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What does dull resonance during percussion typically indicate?
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What are bronchial breath sounds indicative of when heard in abnormal locations?
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What type of sound is likely to be heard when pleural surfaces are inflamed?
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Study Notes
Bedside Assessment Terminology
- SOA (Shortness of Air): Perceived difficulty in breathing.
- WOB (Work of Breathing): Effort required for breathing.
- Dyspnea: Patient's perception of shortness of breath.
- Orthopnea: Shortness of breath when lying flat.
- Platypnea: Shortness of breath while sitting upright.
- Angina: Chest pain.
- Pedal Edema: Swelling in lower extremities.
Sputum Terms
- Phlegm: Contaminated mucus from lungs.
- Sputum: Mucus expelled from lungs through the mouth.
- Purulent: Sputum containing pus.
- Fetid: Foul-smelling sputum.
- Mucoid: Clear and thick sputum.
- Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum.
Assessment Process
- Receive Report: Gather relevant patient information.
- Review Patient’s Chart: Verify orders and evaluate historical data including physical exams and recent assessments.
SOAP Notes Structure
- S (Subjective): Patient's feelings and perceptions.
- O (Objective): Observable data from examination (HR, BP, SO2, CXR, ABG).
- A (Analysis): Interpretation of subjective and objective data to identify problems.
- P (Plan): Treatment plan prescribed by the physician.
- Rx (Treatment): Implementation and effectiveness of prescribed treatments.
Initial Patient Assessment
- Begins upon entering patient's room.
- Appearance: Observe patient's overall look.
- Oxygen Therapy: Check if the patient is on or off oxygen.
- Communication: Assess how well the patient communicates.
- Signs of Shortness of Breath: Notable indicators.
- Work of Breathing: Evaluate effort in breathing.
Interviewing the Patient
- Closed-ended Questions: Specific inquiries about symptoms.
- Open-ended Questions: Allow patients to express feelings and issues.
- Body Position: Observing posture can indicate respiratory distress.
- Skin Color: Indicators of oxygenation (pale, yellow, blue).
- Use of Accessory Muscles: Higher work of breathing observed.
- Level of Consciousness: Orientation to person, place, and time.
Signs of Abnormal Breathing
- Respiratory rate < 8 or > 27 breaths/min.
- Use of accessory muscles, retractions, pale or cyanotic skin.
- Shallow or irregular breathing patterns.
- Pursed lip breathing or nasal flaring in infants.
Levels of Consciousness (LOC)
- Lethargic: Easily aroused, good response.
- Obtunded: Difficulty awakening, responds after arousal.
- Stuporous: Responds slowly, if at all, primarily to pain.
- Comatose: Unresponsive to stimuli.
Vital Signs Overview
- Temperature: Normal range at 37°C (98.6°F).
- Blood Pressure: Normal range 120/80 mmHg to 130/90 mmHg. Hypertension: >145/90 mmHg; Hypotension: <90/60 mmHg.
- Pulse Pressure: Normal range 30 to 40 mmHg.
- Heart Rate: Tachycardia > 100 bpm; Bradycardia < 60 bpm.
- Respiratory Rate: Normal range 12-20 breaths/min; Tachypnea > 20; Bradypnea < 10.
- Oxygen Saturation: Should typically be > 90%.
- Fluid Output: Expect output > 30 ml/hr.
5 Rights to Medication Delivery
- Right Patient
- Right Time
- Right Medication
- Right Dose
- Right Route
Respiratory Exam Technique
- Ensure environment is quiet and patients are positioned correctly.
- Auscultate on bare skin for accurate assessment.
- Steps for assessment: Inspect, Palpate, Percuss, Auscultate.
Thorax and Lung Inspection
- Pectus Carinatum: Chest protrusion.
- Pectus Excavatum: Depressed chest wall.
- Abnormal thorax shapes may indicate respiratory issues.
Percussion for Lung Assessment
- Normal resonance indicates aerated lungs; dull resonance may indicate consolidation; stony dull suggests pleural effusion; increased resonance signifies pneumothorax.
Auscultation Points
- Inspect and auscultate at identified anterior and posterior locations.
- Normal breath sounds vary: Tracheal (loud), Bronchial (high pitched), Bronchovesicular (intermediate), Vesicular (soft).
Adventitious Breath Sounds
- Wheeze: Indicates airway narrowing.
- Crackles: Signify fluid in airways, categorized as early or late.
- Rhonchi: Low-pitched wheezing from larger airway obstruction.
- Stridor: High-pitched, indicates upper airway obstruction, requires immediate attention.
- Pleural Rub: Sounds from inflamed pleura rubbing against each other.
Transmitted Voice Sounds
- Increased transmission suggests an abnormal pathology, assessing for conditions like bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy can help detect compromised lung function.
Bedside Assessment Terminology
- SOA (Shortness of Air): Perceived difficulty in breathing.
- WOB (Work of Breathing): Effort required for breathing.
- Dyspnea: Patient's perception of shortness of breath.
- Orthopnea: Shortness of breath when lying flat.
- Platypnea: Shortness of breath while sitting upright.
- Angina: Chest pain.
- Pedal Edema: Swelling in lower extremities.
Sputum Terms
- Phlegm: Contaminated mucus from lungs.
- Sputum: Mucus expelled from lungs through the mouth.
- Purulent: Sputum containing pus.
- Fetid: Foul-smelling sputum.
- Mucoid: Clear and thick sputum.
- Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum.
Assessment Process
- Receive Report: Gather relevant patient information.
- Review Patient’s Chart: Verify orders and evaluate historical data including physical exams and recent assessments.
SOAP Notes Structure
- S (Subjective): Patient's feelings and perceptions.
- O (Objective): Observable data from examination (HR, BP, SO2, CXR, ABG).
- A (Analysis): Interpretation of subjective and objective data to identify problems.
- P (Plan): Treatment plan prescribed by the physician.
- Rx (Treatment): Implementation and effectiveness of prescribed treatments.
Initial Patient Assessment
- Begins upon entering patient's room.
- Appearance: Observe patient's overall look.
- Oxygen Therapy: Check if the patient is on or off oxygen.
- Communication: Assess how well the patient communicates.
- Signs of Shortness of Breath: Notable indicators.
- Work of Breathing: Evaluate effort in breathing.
Interviewing the Patient
- Closed-ended Questions: Specific inquiries about symptoms.
- Open-ended Questions: Allow patients to express feelings and issues.
- Body Position: Observing posture can indicate respiratory distress.
- Skin Color: Indicators of oxygenation (pale, yellow, blue).
- Use of Accessory Muscles: Higher work of breathing observed.
- Level of Consciousness: Orientation to person, place, and time.
Signs of Abnormal Breathing
- Respiratory rate < 8 or > 27 breaths/min.
- Use of accessory muscles, retractions, pale or cyanotic skin.
- Shallow or irregular breathing patterns.
- Pursed lip breathing or nasal flaring in infants.
Levels of Consciousness (LOC)
- Lethargic: Easily aroused, good response.
- Obtunded: Difficulty awakening, responds after arousal.
- Stuporous: Responds slowly, if at all, primarily to pain.
- Comatose: Unresponsive to stimuli.
Vital Signs Overview
- Temperature: Normal range at 37°C (98.6°F).
- Blood Pressure: Normal range 120/80 mmHg to 130/90 mmHg. Hypertension: >145/90 mmHg; Hypotension: <90/60 mmHg.
- Pulse Pressure: Normal range 30 to 40 mmHg.
- Heart Rate: Tachycardia > 100 bpm; Bradycardia < 60 bpm.
- Respiratory Rate: Normal range 12-20 breaths/min; Tachypnea > 20; Bradypnea < 10.
- Oxygen Saturation: Should typically be > 90%.
- Fluid Output: Expect output > 30 ml/hr.
5 Rights to Medication Delivery
- Right Patient
- Right Time
- Right Medication
- Right Dose
- Right Route
Respiratory Exam Technique
- Ensure environment is quiet and patients are positioned correctly.
- Auscultate on bare skin for accurate assessment.
- Steps for assessment: Inspect, Palpate, Percuss, Auscultate.
Thorax and Lung Inspection
- Pectus Carinatum: Chest protrusion.
- Pectus Excavatum: Depressed chest wall.
- Abnormal thorax shapes may indicate respiratory issues.
Percussion for Lung Assessment
- Normal resonance indicates aerated lungs; dull resonance may indicate consolidation; stony dull suggests pleural effusion; increased resonance signifies pneumothorax.
Auscultation Points
- Inspect and auscultate at identified anterior and posterior locations.
- Normal breath sounds vary: Tracheal (loud), Bronchial (high pitched), Bronchovesicular (intermediate), Vesicular (soft).
Adventitious Breath Sounds
- Wheeze: Indicates airway narrowing.
- Crackles: Signify fluid in airways, categorized as early or late.
- Rhonchi: Low-pitched wheezing from larger airway obstruction.
- Stridor: High-pitched, indicates upper airway obstruction, requires immediate attention.
- Pleural Rub: Sounds from inflamed pleura rubbing against each other.
Transmitted Voice Sounds
- Increased transmission suggests an abnormal pathology, assessing for conditions like bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy can help detect compromised lung function.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms related to bedside patient assessment. This quiz covers important concepts like shortness of breath, dyspnea, and common sputum terms. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals looking to reinforce their understanding.
