Pathophysiology Week 12: Renal System Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?

  • Excrete HCO3- and retain acid
  • Maintain sodium levels
  • Regulate potassium levels
  • Retain HCO3- and excrete acid (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

  • Vitamin C synthesis (correct)
  • Excretion of waste products
  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Regulation of electrolyte balance

    • What is the function of erythropoietin in the kidneys?

  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Regulation of RBCs (correct)
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Regulation of electrolyte balance

    • What is the effect of prostaglandin E and prostacyclin on renal blood flow?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the RAAS in the kidneys?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of renal impairment?

    <p>Retroperitoneal hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for BUN?

    <p>5-15 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidneys in regulating electrolyte balance?

    <p>Regulation of electrolyte balance and/or function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of renal impairment?

    <p>Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cause of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hallmark of Nephrotic Syndrome?

    <p>Protein wasting &gt;3.5g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of renal obstruction?

    <p>Compensatory hypertrophy and hyperfunction of the unaffected kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of chronic glomerular disease?

    <p>Scarring and sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of urolithiasis?

    <p>Concentrated urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual result of Acute Glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Resolution with no residue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Decreased GFR and increased porousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathophysiological mechanism of proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome?

    <p>Loss of negative charge to repel proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of urinary tract infections?

    <p>Stricture formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of calculi in the urinary tract or renal system?

    <p>Urolithiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical urinary finding in Glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Tea or cola colored urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of protein wasting in Nephrotic Syndrome?

    <p>Decreased serum oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis in patients with renal impairment?

    <p>Elevated serum waste levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes?

    <p>Nephritic has hematuria, Nephrotic has proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the glomerulus?

    <p>Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of hyperuricemia?

    <p>Increased risk of pericarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in renal blood flow and GFR that occurs with aging?

    <p>Altered sodium and water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the final stages of chronic renal failure and chronic kidney disease?

    <p>End-stage kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acute tubular necrosis?

    <p>Any condition that induces pre-renal or intra-renal AKI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for increased blood urea?

    <p>Uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common etiology of acute kidney injury?

    <p>Ischemic/hypoxic injury, hypoperfusion, immune injury, toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnosis criterion for acute kidney injury?

    <p>RIFLE criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gradual increase in urine output in acute kidney injury?

    <p>Diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible permanent reduction in renal function after recovery from acute kidney injury?

    <p>1%-3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sudden loss of renal function in acute kidney injury?

    <p>Sudden loss of renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for increased BUN?

    <p>Azotemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gradual and progressive loss of renal function over a period of 3 months or more?

    <p>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of CKD characterized by worsened BUN and creatinine levels?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of nitrogenous wastes in the body?

    <p>Uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the symptoms of uremia, including headache, seizures, and coma?

    <p>Uremic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of CKD that affects the heart and blood vessels?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal heart rhythm that can occur in CKD patients?

    <p>Kussmaul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the skin complication of CKD characterized by severe itching?

    <p>Severe pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bone disease that can occur in CKD patients?

    <p>Renal osteodystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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