45 Questions
What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?
Retain HCO3- and excrete acid
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Vitamin C synthesis
What is the function of erythropoietin in the kidneys?
Regulation of RBCs
What is the effect of prostaglandin E and prostacyclin on renal blood flow?
Vasodilation
What is the primary function of the RAAS in the kidneys?
Regulation of blood pressure
Which of the following is a complication of renal impairment?
Retroperitoneal hematoma
What is the normal range for BUN?
5-15 mg/dL
What is the function of the kidneys in regulating electrolyte balance?
Regulation of electrolyte balance and/or function
Which of the following is a manifestation of renal impairment?
Pain
What is the typical cause of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis?
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
Which of the following is a hallmark of Nephrotic Syndrome?
Protein wasting >3.5g/day
What is a potential complication of renal obstruction?
Compensatory hypertrophy and hyperfunction of the unaffected kidney
What is the result of chronic glomerular disease?
Scarring and sclerosis
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Glomerulonephritis?
Diarrhea
What is a potential cause of urolithiasis?
Concentrated urine
What is the usual result of Acute Glomerulonephritis?
Resolution with no residue
What is a characteristic of glomerulonephritis?
Decreased GFR and increased porousness
What is the pathophysiological mechanism of proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome?
Loss of negative charge to repel proteins
What is a potential complication of urinary tract infections?
Stricture formation
What is the term for the presence of calculi in the urinary tract or renal system?
Urolithiasis
What is the typical urinary finding in Glomerulonephritis?
Tea or cola colored urine
What is the consequence of protein wasting in Nephrotic Syndrome?
Decreased serum oncotic pressure
What is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis in patients with renal impairment?
Elevated serum waste levels
What is the difference between Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes?
Nephritic has hematuria, Nephrotic has proteinuria
What is the term for the inflammation of the glomerulus?
Glomerulonephritis
What is a potential complication of hyperuricemia?
Increased risk of pericarditis
What is the term for the decrease in renal blood flow and GFR that occurs with aging?
Altered sodium and water balance
What is the term for the final stages of chronic renal failure and chronic kidney disease?
End-stage kidney disease
What is the primary cause of acute tubular necrosis?
Any condition that induces pre-renal or intra-renal AKI
What is the term for increased blood urea?
Uremia
What is the common etiology of acute kidney injury?
Ischemic/hypoxic injury, hypoperfusion, immune injury, toxicity
What is the primary diagnosis criterion for acute kidney injury?
RIFLE criteria
What is the term for the gradual increase in urine output in acute kidney injury?
Diuretic
What is the possible permanent reduction in renal function after recovery from acute kidney injury?
1%-3%
What is the term for the sudden loss of renal function in acute kidney injury?
Sudden loss of renal function
What is the term for increased BUN?
Azotemia
What is the primary cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the term for the gradual and progressive loss of renal function over a period of 3 months or more?
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
What is the stage of CKD characterized by worsened BUN and creatinine levels?
Stage 3
What is the term for the collection of nitrogenous wastes in the body?
Uremia
What is the term for the symptoms of uremia, including headache, seizures, and coma?
Uremic syndrome
What is the complication of CKD that affects the heart and blood vessels?
All of the above
What is the term for the abnormal heart rhythm that can occur in CKD patients?
Kussmaul
What is the skin complication of CKD characterized by severe itching?
Severe pruritus
What is the term for the bone disease that can occur in CKD patients?
Renal osteodystrophy
Test your knowledge of the renal system's functions, including water excretion, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and blood pressure regulation. This quiz covers the key roles of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis and overall health.
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