Pathophysiology of Renal System

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and water in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?

No change in reabsorption of sodium and water

Decreased reabsorption of sodium and water

Increased reabsorption of sodium and water (correct)

Reabsorption of sodium but not water

What is the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis on blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction (correct)

Initially vasoconstriction, then vasodilation

Vasodilation

No change in blood vessel diameter

What is the result of stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?

Initial decrease, then increase in blood pressure

Increased blood pressure (correct)

Decreased blood pressure

No change in blood pressure

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?

Regulation of blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis on renal function?

Increased renal function Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about crystalloid solutions and colloids?

They have similar responses or outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a crystalloid solution?

Ringer's lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of colloids?

They include albumin and commercially available products. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT true about crystalloid solutions and colloids?

They have different responses or outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a crystalloid solution?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiogenic shock caused by?

Primary failure of the heart to pump blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cardiogenic shock on the body?

Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What type of shock is caused by histamine release?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-haemorrhagic cause of shock?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of distributive shock?

Anaphylaxis and spinal cord injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart that is impaired in cardiogenic shock?

Pumping blood to the tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of cardiogenic shock?

Primary failure of the heart to pump blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of vasodilation in anaphylaxis?

Histamine release Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an example of distributive shock?

Cardiogenic shock Signup and view all the answers

What two types of shock are characterized by vasodilation?

Anaphylaxis and septic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for shock in adrenal insufficiency?

Hypovolaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of adrenal insufficiency on the body's response to catecholamines?

Decreased response to circulating catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main contributing factors to shock in adrenal insufficiency?

Hypovolaemia and poor response to catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adrenal insufficiency on blood pressure?

Decreased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of the decreased response to catecholamines in adrenal insufficiency?

Adrenal gland dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Renal Pathophysiology in Shock

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis is stimulated, leading to further vasoconstriction and increased sodium and water reabsorption by the kidney.

Types of Shock

Cardiogenic Shock: Due to primary failure of the heart to pump blood to the tissues.
Distributive Shock: Characterized by:
- Anaphylaxis: Vasodilatation caused by histamine release.
- Spinal Cord Injury: A non-haemorrhagic cause of shock.
- Septic Shock: A type of distributive shock.
Endocrine Shock: Adrenal insufficiency leading to shock due to hypovolaemia and a poor response to circulating and exogenous catecholamines.

Fluid Resuscitation in Shock

No overt difference in response or outcome between crystalloid solutions (e.g. normal saline, Hartmann's solution, Ringer's lactate) and colloids (e.g. albumin, commercially available products).

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Description

This quiz covers the pathophysiological changes in the renal system, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and its effects on vasoconstriction and sodium and water reabsorption.