Pathophysiology of Renal System
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and water in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?

  • No change in reabsorption of sodium and water
  • Decreased reabsorption of sodium and water
  • Increased reabsorption of sodium and water (correct)
  • Reabsorption of sodium but not water

    • What is the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis on blood vessels?

  • Vasoconstriction (correct)
  • Initially vasoconstriction, then vasodilation
  • Vasodilation
  • No change in blood vessel diameter

    • What is the result of stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?

  • Initial decrease, then increase in blood pressure
  • Increased blood pressure (correct)
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • No change in blood pressure

    • What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis on renal function?

    <p>Increased renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about crystalloid solutions and colloids?

    <p>They have similar responses or outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a crystalloid solution?

    <p>Ringer's lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of colloids?

    <p>They include albumin and commercially available products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about crystalloid solutions and colloids?

    <p>They have different responses or outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a crystalloid solution?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cardiogenic shock caused by?

    <p>Primary failure of the heart to pump blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cardiogenic shock on the body?

    <p>Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of shock is caused by histamine release?

    <p>Anaphylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a non-haemorrhagic cause of shock?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of distributive shock?

    <p>Anaphylaxis and spinal cord injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the heart that is impaired in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Pumping blood to the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying mechanism of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Primary failure of the heart to pump blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of vasodilation in anaphylaxis?

    <p>Histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an example of distributive shock?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two types of shock are characterized by vasodilation?

    <p>Anaphylaxis and septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for shock in adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Hypovolaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of adrenal insufficiency on the body's response to catecholamines?

    <p>Decreased response to circulating catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main contributing factors to shock in adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Hypovolaemia and poor response to catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adrenal insufficiency on blood pressure?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of the decreased response to catecholamines in adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Adrenal gland dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Renal Pathophysiology in Shock

    • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis is stimulated, leading to further vasoconstriction and increased sodium and water reabsorption by the kidney.

    Types of Shock

    • Cardiogenic Shock: Due to primary failure of the heart to pump blood to the tissues.
    • Distributive Shock: Characterized by:
      • Anaphylaxis: Vasodilatation caused by histamine release.
      • Spinal Cord Injury: A non-haemorrhagic cause of shock.
      • Septic Shock: A type of distributive shock.
    • Endocrine Shock: Adrenal insufficiency leading to shock due to hypovolaemia and a poor response to circulating and exogenous catecholamines.

    Fluid Resuscitation in Shock

    • No overt difference in response or outcome between crystalloid solutions (e.g. normal saline, Hartmann's solution, Ringer's lactate) and colloids (e.g. albumin, commercially available products).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the pathophysiological changes in the renal system, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and its effects on vasoconstriction and sodium and water reabsorption.

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