Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular System

Contraction

Cardiac Electrical cells (Pacemaker cells)

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<p>Afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO = HR x SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart Rate (HR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To sense the change in arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of beta receptors, increasing contractility and conduction of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular firing of cardiac cells and dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BP = CO x TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to total peripheral resistance, which affects blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longer delays in firing of cardiac cells, leading to bradycardia and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eclampsia is a serious complication of untreated severe preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions or coma, and can be life-threatening for both mother and baby.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthy diet, weight management, regular exercise, sodium reduction, alcohol moderation, smoking cessation, and stress management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta-blockers, and sympatholytic agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occasional headaches and fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her mother had hypertension, which increases Mary's risk of developing hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 1 hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension is a persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure, and it is diagnosed when the blood pressure is often at or above 140/90 mmHg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormalities involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, pathologic disturbance in the CNS, abnormalities in renal or tissue auto-regulatory processes, and high sodium intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid dysfunction, sleep apnea, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, and pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The renin-angiotensin system is a complex hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure should be measured as the average of two or more readings taken at each of two or more clinical encounters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical history, family history of high blood pressure, and lifestyle habits such as diet, exercise routine, and smoking history are important for diagnosing hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercising regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing peripheral vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowering blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce cardiovascular risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers