Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a type of pathogen?
Which of the following is a type of pathogen?
All bacteria are harmful to humans.
All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False
Name one chemical barrier the immune system uses to kill pathogens.
Name one chemical barrier the immune system uses to kill pathogens.
Stomach acid
A vector is an organism that carries a pathogen from one organism to another, such as a _____ or a tick.
A vector is an organism that carries a pathogen from one organism to another, such as a _____ or a tick.
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Match the following pathogens with their examples:
Match the following pathogens with their examples:
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Which of the following is NOT a group of pathogens?
Which of the following is NOT a group of pathogens?
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Which of the following is NOT a way that pathogens can be spread?
Which of the following is NOT a way that pathogens can be spread?
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All pathogens are living organisms.
All pathogens are living organisms.
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Skin acts as a chemical barrier against pathogens.
Skin acts as a chemical barrier against pathogens.
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What is a characteristic of bacteria that allows them to reproduce quickly?
What is a characteristic of bacteria that allows them to reproduce quickly?
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What role does mucus play in the immune system?
What role does mucus play in the immune system?
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Protozoa are unicellular organisms that take days to __________.
Protozoa are unicellular organisms that take days to __________.
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Match the types of pathogens with their characteristics:
Match the types of pathogens with their characteristics:
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Which of the following best describes how pathogens spread?
Which of the following best describes how pathogens spread?
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Fungi can only be unicellular organisms.
Fungi can only be unicellular organisms.
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Name one behavior that can help stop the spread of infectious diseases.
Name one behavior that can help stop the spread of infectious diseases.
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Study Notes
Diseases You Can Catch - Pathogens
- Pathogens are organisms that invade the body and cause illness.
- There are five major groups of pathogens: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and helminths.
- Different pathogens cause various infections.
Biology: Health, Lifestyle, and Infection
- The presentation outlines a series of lessons on biology, health, lifestyle, and infection.
- These lessons cover pathogens, how the body defends itself, vaccinations, antibiotics, diseases you can't catch, lifestyle and risk factors, drugs, reviews, and tests.
Learning Goals
- Identify major pathogen types and their associated infections.
- Describe the body's protective barriers against infection.
- Explain behaviors to prevent infectious disease transmission.
Infections, Diseases, and Health Conditions
- Some infections, diseases, and health conditions can be caught (communicable).
- Others cannot be caught (non-communicable).
- Examples of communicable diseases include malaria, HIV, chickenpox.
- Examples of non-communicable diseases include cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
Pathogens
- Pathogens are entities that invade the body and cause illness.
- The learning activity prompts for knowledge of pathogens.
Pathogens-Viruses
- Viruses differ from other pathogens; they are not living.
- Viruses are exceptionally small (20-500 nanometers).
- Viruses commandeer host cells, using their machinery to replicate.
Pathogens-Bacteria
- Bacteria are single-celled organisms.
- They are considerably smaller than animal cells (10 µm).
- Bacteria can reproduce rapidly under favorable conditions (approximately 20 minutes).
Pathogens-Protozoa
- Protozoa are single-celled organisms.
- Protozoa are roughly the same size as animal cells.
- Protozoa exhibit a slower reproduction rate (takes days).
Pathogens-Fungi
- Fungi can be unicellular (like yeast) or multicellular.
- Fungi can cause infections on skin or body openings.
Pathogens-Helminths (Parasitic Worms)
- Helminths predominantly inhabit the digestive system.
- Helminths exist in diverse forms.
Pathogens-Summary
| Type of Pathogen | Example |
|---|---|
| Viruses | HIV, COVID-19 |
| Bacteria | Strep throat, gonorrhea |
| Protozoa | Malaria |
| Fungi | Athlete's foot |
| Helminths | Tapeworm |
Recap: Living Things
- The presentation discusses the seven characteristics of living things (Hint: MRS REGN - Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.).
Pathogens-General Info
- All living things strive to reproduce.
- Human bodies are suitable environments for organisms to reproduce, due to factors like warmth, abundant nutrients, and oxygen.
Pathogens (Specific)
- A pathogen is something that invades your body and makes you ill.
- Pathogens leverage our bodies for reproduction and spread to other hosts.
- There are five main types of pathogens.
Immune System
- Our bodies prevent pathogens from consuming our nutrients and damaging cells.
- The immune system is responsible for defending the body against pathogens.
- The immune system employs barriers to stop pathogens from entering.
Immune System (Barrier Types)
- The immune system has three lines of defense against pathogens:
- First line: Barriers to prevent infection.
- Second line: General responses to infection.
- Third line: Immunity against specific pathogens.
Immune System (Barries)
- The skin is a physical barrier to pathogens.
- Mucus membranes in the nose and ears also act as physical barriers to prevent pathogens from entering.
- Chemicals in tears and saliva kill many pathogens; therefore, these are chemical barriers.
- Stomach acid is also a critical chemical barrier that destroys many pathogens.
Preventing Infections
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Pathogens often spread through bodily fluids.
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Pathogens can spread through physical contact, air, eating/drinking, or vectors.
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Vectors are organisms that carry pathogens from one organism to another.
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Mosquitoes (transmit protozoa causing malaria) and ticks (transmit bacteria causing Lyme disease and TBE) are examples of vectors.
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Prevention methods include practices like frequent handwashing, covering coughs/sneezes, and practicing safe sex.
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Additional measures include cleaning surfaces, ventilating homes, preparing food safely, and checking for ticks.
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Given a choice between liquid soap and an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, the study guide advises using soap.
Preventing Infection (Specifics)
- The spread of pathogens can be limited or prevented through suitable behaviors.
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Description
This quiz covers the major types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and helminths, and their associated infections. It also discusses the body's defense mechanisms against infections and behaviors that help prevent the spread of communicable diseases. Test your knowledge on health, lifestyle, and infection!
