Parkinson's Disease Clinical Manifestations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter associated with Parkinson's Disease?

Glutamate

Dopamine (correct)

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

What happens when there is a loss of dopamine stores in the basal ganglia region?

Imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (correct)

Decrease in excitatory neurotransmitters

Increase in inhibitory neurotransmitters

No effect on neurotransmitter balance

At what point do clinical symptoms of Parkinson's Disease typically appear?

When 40% of pigmented neurons are lost

When the striatal dopamine level is decreased by 50%

When 60% of pigmented neurons are lost (correct)

When the striatal dopamine level is decreased by 70%

What is the current understanding of the factors contributing to Parkinson's Disease?

A combination of environmental and genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered cardinal signs of Parkinson's Disease?

Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of Parkinson's Disease is characterized by a slow, unilateral resting tremor that disappears with purposeful movement and during sleep?

Tremor dominant Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of rigidity in Parkinson's Disease?

Resistance to passive limb movement and involuntary stiffness Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom refers to the overall slowing of active movement in Parkinson's Disease?

Bradykinesia Signup and view all the answers

What does postural instability in Parkinson's Disease lead to?

Gait problems, propulsive gait, and an increased risk of falls Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the autonomic symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease?

Sweating, drooling, flushing, hypotension, and gastrointestinal/urinary issues Signup and view all the answers

What psychiatric changes can occur in Parkinson's Disease?

Depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations, and psychosis Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive changes can occur in Parkinson's Disease?

Diminished executive functions and eventual dementia in a majority of patients Signup and view all the answers

What are some complications that Parkinson's Disease patients may experience?

Hypokinesia, freezing phenomenon, micrographia, dysphonia, dysphagia, and complications such as infections and falls Signup and view all the answers

What complications are associated with medications used to treat Parkinson's Disease symptoms?

Dyskinesia and orthostatic hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Parkinson's Disease Clinical Manifestations

Parkinson's Disease (PD) has a gradual onset and symptoms progress slowly over a chronic, prolonged course.
Cardinal signs of PD are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability.
PD has two major subtypes: tremor dominant and nontremor dominant.
Tremor in PD is a slow, unilateral resting tremor that disappears with purposeful movement and during sleep.
Rigidity in PD is characterized by resistance to passive limb movement and involuntary stiffness.
Bradykinesia is a common feature of PD, referring to the overall slowing of active movement.
Postural instability in PD leads to gait problems, propulsive gait, and an increased risk of falls.
PD also produces autonomic symptoms, including sweating, drooling, flushing, hypotension, and gastrointestinal/urinary issues.
Psychiatric changes in PD include depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations, and psychosis.
Cognitive changes in PD include diminished executive functions and eventual dementia in a majority of patients.
PD patients may also experience hypokinesia, freezing phenomenon, micrographia, dysphonia, dysphagia, and complications such as infections and falls.
Medications used to treat PD symptoms are associated with complications such as dyskinesia and orthostatic hypotension.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Parkinson's Disease clinical manifestations with this quiz. Explore the cardinal signs, subtypes, autonomic symptoms, psychiatric and cognitive changes, and medication complications associated with PD.