Parkinson's Disease Chapter: Causes, Risk Factors, and Symptoms

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What is the main cause of Parkinson's disease?

Excessive production of dopamine in the brain

Degeneration of the substantia nigra (correct)

Inflammation of the brain tissues

Degeneration of the brain stem

What percentage decrease in dopamine levels leads to the occurrence of symptoms?

20-30% (correct)

40-50%

30-40%

10-20%

Which of the following is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease?

Living in urban areas

Working with computers

Family history (correct)

Regular exercise

What is the classic sign of Parkinson's disease?

Resting tremor Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Stage 1 of Parkinson's disease?

Unilateral involvement of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical effect of Parkinson's disease on a person's movement?

Slower and more rigid movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the late sign of Parkinson's disease that affects a person's mobility?

Shuffling gait Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?

To prevent Levodopa from being broken down before it reaches the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?

Decreased tremors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Home assessment in Tertiary Prevention for Parkinson's Disease?

To assess the patient's fall risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Michael J Fox Foundation in the context of Parkinson's Disease?

It provides psychosocial support for patients with Parkinson's Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely side effect of Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy that develops within 5-10 years?

Dyskinesia Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the nurse to monitor the patient's hepatic and renal function?

To identify potential signs of toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Speech Therapy in Tertiary Prevention for Parkinson's Disease?

To manage dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Stage 3 Parkinson's disease symptoms?

Loss of balance and slowness of movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a SPECT scan in diagnosing Parkinson's disease?

To detect loss of dopamine producing neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Stage 5 Parkinson's disease?

Inability to rise from a seated position Signup and view all the answers

What is an important question to ask when taking a patient's medical history in diagnosing Parkinson's disease?

Have you been exposed to head trauma or chemicals? Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a CT scan in diagnosing Parkinson's disease?

To rule out tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Stage 4 Parkinson's disease symptoms?

Patients may be able to walk and stand unassisted, but are noticeably incapacitated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a CSF analysis in diagnosing Parkinson's disease?

To measure the levels of dopamine in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What may interfere with the action of levodopa?

Large amounts of B6 and iron Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients avoid taking levodopa within 1.5 hours of a protein meal?

To reduce the risk of interaction with B6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Selegiline?

To treat depression Signup and view all the answers

What is Inbrija used to treat?

Return of Parkinson's symptoms (OFF episodes) Signup and view all the answers

How long does Inbrija take to work?

10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

How long does the effect of Inbrija last?

50 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique advantage of Inbrija when taken with a high protein meal?

It works well despite the high protein meal Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbidopa not necessary when taking Inbrija?

Inbrija is inhaled directly into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of suggesting Inbrija to a patient having an off day?

To provide quick relief from OFF episodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Inbrija and regular carbidopa-levodopa medicines?

Inbrija does not replace the regular carbidopa-levodopa medicines Signup and view all the answers