Questões Modelo de Gestão

Study Notes

Diversity Levels

Williams (2016) highlighted four levels of diversity:
- Internal Diversity: This level encompasses individual characteristics that are inherent to each person, such as age, which can influence perspectives and experiences; gender, which includes a wide spectrum beyond the binary understanding; sexual orientation, contributing to diverse life experiences and relationships; ethnicity, which shapes cultural identity; and disability, encompassing both physical and mental health conditions that impact daily life and functionality.
- External Diversity: This includes various factors tied to an individual's life experiences and background. Important aspects include educational attainment, which can affect career opportunities and social status; geographic location, influencing cultural norms and access to resources; and socioeconomic status, which impacts an individual's quality of life, access to education, and overall influence within society.
- Organizational Diversity: This level examines the differing structures, cultures, and values present within organizations. Variations may arise from the organization's history, mission, practices, and employee demographics, leading to unique workplace environments that affect employee interactions and company policies.
- Global Diversity: This level refers to the rich tapestry of variations that exist across different countries and regions. It encompasses differences in cultural norms, languages, communication styles, and business practices, which can impact international relations, trade, and collaborative ventures in a globalized economy.

Promotion in Management

When promoting employees to higher levels, it's crucial to consider the impact on diversity.
Diversity at all levels, from entry-level to management, is essential for a balanced and inclusive organization.
Companies should ensure promotion opportunities are equitable and that diverse candidates are adequately represented.

Challenges in Hiring and Promotion

One of the main challenges in hiring and promoting people is unconscious bias.
This bias can lead to disproportionate representation of certain demographic groups in leadership roles.
Active efforts to identify and address these biases are crucial for promoting a truly diverse workforce.

Talent Management

Talent Management is a strategic approach that aligns an organization's human capital with its business objectives.
It involves attracting, developing, retaining, and engaging high-performing employees throughout their careers.
It focuses on identifying talent, developing skills, and creating opportunities for growth and advancement.

Generation X Characteristics

Generation X, born between 1965 and 1980, is characterized by:
- Independent and resourceful
- Value work-life balance
- Tech-savvy and adaptable
- Often cynical and skeptical
- Hardworking and goal-oriented

Lean Manufacturing Objectives

Lean Manufacturing aims to maximize value to the customer while minimizing waste.
It's about continuous improvement across all aspects of production.
Key objectives include:
- Reducing waste in all forms
- Optimizing processes
- Improving quality
- Increasing efficiency
- Boosting customer satisfaction

Lean Manufacturing Tools

Tools commonly used in Lean Manufacturing:
- Kaizen
- Value Stream Mapping
- 5S (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain)
- Just-in-Time (JIT)
- Pull System
- Kanban
- Poka-Yoke (Mistake Proofing)
- Andon (Visual Signaling)
- Cellular Manufacturing

Lean Manufacturing Tools and Descriptions

Kaizen: Continuous improvement involving small, ongoing changes.
Value Stream Mapping: Visual representation of all steps involved in a process, identifying waste.
5S: Systematic approach to workplace organization and cleanliness.
Just-in-Time (JIT): Producing goods only when needed, minimizing inventory.
Pull System: Production triggered by actual demand, not a pre-determined schedule.
Kanban: System that uses visual signals to manage inventory and production.
Poka-Yoke: Designing processes to prevent errors from occurring.
Andon: Visual signaling systems to communicate issues and alert team members.
Cellular Manufacturing: Organizing production facilities into cells focused on specific product families.

Stakeholder Definition

A stakeholder is any individual, group, or organization that has an interest in an organization's success or failure.
These could be:
- Internal Stakeholders: Employees, managers, owners.
- External Stakeholders: Customers, suppliers, investors, competitors, community members.
They have a vested interest in the organization's performance and decision-making, and their interests can be diverse.