Oxygenic Photosynthesis and Prokaryotes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is common to all organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis?

Lack of linear chromosomes

Presence of chloroplasts

Ability to undergo asexual reproduction

Presence of a nucleus (correct)

What type of chromosomes do organisms involved in oxygenic photosynthesis typically have?

No chromosomes

Linear chromosomes (correct)

Circular chromosomes

Fragmented chromosomes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis?

Aerobic metabolism

Mitochondria

Anaerobic respiration (correct)

Sexual reproduction

What defines whether an organism can live in the presence of oxygen?

Aerobic vs anaerobic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive method is associated with some organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis?

Sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the reproduction process of prokaryotes?

Prokaryotes reproduce through a process called binary fission. Signup and view all the answers

What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

Small DNA molecules that provide additional genetic traits. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes archaea, a type of prokaryote?

Archaea are extremophiles adapted to harsh conditions. Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environments are prokaryotes likely to be found?

In harsh conditions with extreme salinity or temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms generate their own food from inorganic molecules?

Autotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for chemotrophs?

Chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups does NOT include eukaryotes?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes phototrophs from other types of organisms?

They acquire energy from light. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of energy acquisition, what do heterotrophs primarily rely on?

Organic compounds from other organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of life includes organisms that can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic?

Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

They have membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding eukaryotes?

They consist of plants, animals, fungi, and most algae. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are eukaryotes characterized by?

Cells with a membrane-enclosed nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of reproduction do eukaryotes utilize?

Both asexual and sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of genetic material in eukaryotes?

Multiple linear chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes?

Membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

What role do some bacteria play in the environment?

Decomposers of organic matter Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates cyanobacteria from other bacteria?

They can perform photosynthesis using sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about methanogens is true?

They are anaerobic organisms that produce methane Signup and view all the answers

How does cell division occur in eukaryotes?

Chromosomes duplicate and separate before the nucleus splits Signup and view all the answers

Which group of bacteria is considered one of the oldest organisms on Earth?

Cyanobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What defines the role of some bacteria as symbionts?

They live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another organism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Three Domains of Life

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

Eukaryotes

Include plants, animals, fungi, and most algae
Have a nucleus
Linear chromosomes
Mitochondria
Sexual reproduction

Prokaryotes

Small cells without a nucleus or specialized organelles
Lack membrane-bound organelles
DNA not enclosed in a nucleus
Typically smaller than eukaryotes
Reproduce asexually through binary fission
Single circular chromosome
Often contain plasmids

Eukaryotes (continued)

Larger cells
DNA packed into a membrane-enclosed nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Reproduce both asexually and sexually
Multiple linear chromosomes
Chromosomes contained within the nucleus

Energy Acquisition

Autotrophs generate their own food from inorganic molecules
Heterotrophs consume food produced by other organisms
Chemotrophs obtain energy directly from chemical reactions
Phototrophs obtain energy from light
Note: not all photoautotrophs do oxygenic photosynthesis

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic vs. anaerobic metabolism
Can the organism live in the presence of oxygen?
Archaea: generally extremophiles with anaerobic metabolisms, often found in harsh environments without oxygen (anoxic).
Bacteria: highly diverse, capable of virtually every mode of nutrition and metabolism. Many play critical roles as decomposers and in symbiotic relationships with animals.

Archaea (prokaryotes)

Generally extremophiles with anaerobic metabolisms
Found in harsh anoxic environments (extreme salinity or extreme temperatures)
Examples in animal guts or under kilometers of ice.
Some are chemoautotrophs (use chemical energy sources).

Bacteria (prokaryotes)

Highly diverse group; many species live by virtually every mode of nutrition and metabolism
Some are parasites and pathogens, others in mutualistic symbiotic relationships with animals
Play critical roles as decomposers, recycling nutrients in the environment

Binary Fission

Cell doubles in size
Splits into two cells

Mitosis

Chromosomes are separated
Nucleus splits before cell divides

Meiosis

(details of the process are not provided in the document)

Cyanobacteria

Photoautotrophs (capture light energy through oxygenic photosynthesis)
Increased oxygen in the atmosphere led to the "Oxygen Revolution"
Some evolved the ability to fix nitrogen (N2), which fertilizes the oceans for heterotrophs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on oxygenic photosynthesis and the characteristics of prokaryotic organisms. This quiz covers the unique traits of photosynthetic organisms, their reproduction methods, and the environments they thrive in. Challenge yourself with questions on plasmids and the distinctions between phototrophs and other life forms.