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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of the alarm reaction stage in the general adaptation syndrome?

Immediate physiological response to a threat (correct)

Chronic stress with psychological impact

Adaptation to ongoing stressors

Repair process after stress exposure

How does cortisol function in relation to stress?

It decreases heart rate during stress

It induces panic attacks

It aids in relaxation and calmness

It provides energy to respond to stressors (correct)

What distinguishes eustress from distress?

Eustress triggers the fight-or-flight response; distress does not

Eustress is moderate, associated with positive feelings; distress is intense and negative (correct)

Eustress is always harmful; distress is always beneficial

Eustress results from major life changes; distress is routine

What is biofeedback primarily used for?

To gain voluntary control over physiological responses Signup and view all the answers

In which physiological process does the fight-or-flight response primarily participate?

Sympathetic nervous system activation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes daily hassles?

Minor irritations that can accumulate to produce stress Signup and view all the answers

What are cardiovascular disorders primarily concerned with?

Conditions related to heart and blood circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by coping in the context of stress?

Mental or behavioral efforts to manage stress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes a tendency to experience emotional distress such as anger and fear?

Negative affectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymphocytes in the body?

Protecting against foreign substances Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a situation where there are high job demands coupled with low control over the work situation?

Job strain Signup and view all the answers

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is primarily responsible for regulating what in response to stress?

Hormonal release Signup and view all the answers

What is job burnout characterized by?

Emotional exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

What does optimism refer to in psychological terms?

A tendency toward a positive outlook Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension is defined as what condition?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of perceived control?

The ability to influence outcomes in one's life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary appraisal in the context of stress?

A judgment about potential harm or threat to well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which stage follows the stage of resistance in the general adaptation syndrome?

Stage of exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

What does psychoneuroimmunology study?

The relationship between emotional factors and the immune system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Type A behavior pattern?

Exhibiting competitiveness and impatience Signup and view all the answers

What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) designed to measure?

The stress associated with various life events Signup and view all the answers

What role does social support play in stress management?

It provides emotional comfort and tangible assistance Signup and view all the answers

In stress processes, what are stressors?

Environmental events perceived as demanding or threatening Signup and view all the answers

What is the relaxation response technique primarily aimed at achieving?

Combining meditation and relaxation for stress reduction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

GAS is a three-stage model of the body's physiological response to stress
Stages: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion
Alarm reaction: the body's immediate physiological reaction to a threat
Resistance: the body adapts to the stressor
Exhaustion: the body's ability to resist stress breaks down

Stress

Stress is a process where an individual perceives and responds to events they appraise as overwhelming or threatening
Stressors: environmental events that trigger stress
Daily hassles: minor irritations or annoyances of everyday life that can cause stress
Distress: a harmful form of stress
Eustress: a positive form of stress
Coping mechanisms: mental or behavioral efforts to manage stress
HPA (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal) axis: A set of structures in the limbic system and endocrine system that regulate body's physiological response to stress
Cortisol: a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands.
Biofeedback: techniques using electronic equipment to measure a person's involuntary activity and help them gain control.

Cardiovascular Disorders

Disorders that affect the heart and blood circulation system

Positive/Negative Affect

Positive affect: feelings of happiness, joy, excitement
Negative affect: feelings of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, guilt, and nervousness

Health Psychology

Subfield devoted to studying psychological influences on health, illness, and how people respond to illness
Investigating the link between psychological factors and health.
Example: influence of stress on heart diseases

Happiness

An enduring state of mind characterized by joy, contentment, and a sense of meaning.

Job Burnout

A general sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism related to one's job
Associated with negative effects on work performance and health

Fight or Flight

A physiological reaction resulting from a perceived threat
An example of the sympathetic nervous system's function
Heart rate, respiration increase, sweating etc.

Flow State

Intense engagement in an activity, often experienced during creative endeavors, work, or leisure
Associated with positive feelings and optimal performance

Asthma

A psychophysiological disorder obstructing the airways of the respiratory system
Often difficult to expel air from the lungs

Type A/B Personalities

Type A: competitive, impatient, rushed, hostile
Type B: relaxed, laid-back

Support from others
Advice, guidance, acceptance etc.

Immunosuppression

A reduction in the effectiveness of the immune system
Stress is among the factors that could cause this

Psychological/Physiological Disorders

Physical/mental symptoms resulting from stress

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