CH 14: Exothermic and endothermic reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

  • The enthalpy change (ΔH) is positive.
  • The temperature of the surroundings decreases.
  • The system absorbs energy from the surroundings.
  • The system releases energy to the surroundings. (correct)

    • What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

  • ΔH can be either positive or negative.
  • ΔH is positive. (correct)
  • ΔH is zero.
  • ΔH is negative.

    • Which of the following is an example of an endothermic reaction?

  • Combustion of methane.
  • Photosynthesis. (correct)
  • Neutralization of an acid and a base.
  • Condensation of water vapor.

    • How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The temperature of the surroundings increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The graph shows a peak at the activated complex, ascending towards higher energy products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Energy is released when new bonds form in the product molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction emits energy into the surroundings?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>Energy flow direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect the rate at which equilibrium is reached in a closed system?

    <p>Direction of energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study focuses on understanding reaction spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes?

    <p>Chemical Thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of reaction does the environment around it become cooler?

    <p>Endothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative ΔH value indicate?

    <p>Energy release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction requires external energy sources like heat or light?

    <p>Endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an exothermic reaction, the energy level of the products compared to the reactants is:

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of endothermic reactions related to temperature?

    <p>Increase in temperature in the reaction environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

    <p>Endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction requires cooling systems in industrial settings?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that differentiates exothermic from endothermic reactions?

    <p>Energy absorption vs. energy release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of reaction are safety risks associated with sudden heat release?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of energy, what happens in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Energy is absorbed into the system from the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reactions are more common in nature and industrial processes?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the direction of energy flow in an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Energy flows from the system into the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The temperature of the surroundings decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a practical application of exothermic reactions?

    <p>Providing cooling in refrigeration systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the position of equilibrium in a closed system differ between exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>The position of equilibrium can be affected by the direction of energy flow in both exothermic and endothermic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of endothermic reactions related to temperature?

    <p>The temperature of the system and surroundings both decrease during the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields of study focuses on understanding the spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes?

    <p>Chemical thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The energy released when new bonds are formed is greater than the energy required to break bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative value of ΔH indicate about a chemical reaction?

    <p>The reaction is exothermic and releases energy to the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor that differentiates exothermic from endothermic reactions?

    <p>The relative energy levels of the reactants and products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is typically used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The energy level increases from reactants to products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is associated with sudden heat release and poses safety risks?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction requires external energy sources like heat or light to proceed?

    <p>Endothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Energy release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The temperature increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the enthalpy change (H) in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>$\Delta H &gt; 0$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The temperature of the surroundings decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The graph peaks at the activated complex, ascending towards higher energy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The temperature of the surroundings increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

    <p>Endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction requires external energy sources like heat or light to proceed?

    <p>Endothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The graph peaks at the activated complex and descends towards higher energy products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The temperature of the surroundings increases as the system releases heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field of study does the understanding of reaction spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes play a crucial role?

    <p>Chemical thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that differentiates exothermic from endothermic reactions?

    <p>The direction of energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is typically used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rate of reaching equilibrium and the position of equilibrium in a closed system differ between exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>The rate and position of equilibrium are affected by the direction of energy flow, but the exact differences depend on the specific reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study focuses on understanding the spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes?

    <p>Chemical thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

    <p>Endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the absorption of energy from the surroundings into the system?

    <p>Endothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of reaction, do product molecules form at a lower energy level than reactants, releasing excess energy?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is a defining feature of exothermic reactions?

    <p>Formation of product molecules at a higher energy level than reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cooling systems in industrial settings regarding exothermic reactions?

    <p>To manage and dissipate excess heat produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves solar energy absorption and conversion into chemical energy?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative ΔH value indicate for a chemical reaction?

    <p>Energy liberation into surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction poses safety risks due to sudden heat release and requires careful safety protocols?

    <p>Combustion reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of reaction are external energy sources like heat or light typically required to proceed?

    <p>Combustion reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of temperature drop in endothermic reactions?

    <p>To signify absorption of energy into the system from surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field benefits significantly from understanding exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the temperature of the surroundings in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Decreases as the system absorbs heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction requires energy intake to break the bonds of reactants?

    <p>Endothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy change (ΔH) for exothermic reactions?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In exothermic reactions, what happens to the temperature of the surroundings?

    <p>Increases as the system releases heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of exothermic reactions related to bond formation?

    <p>Energy release when forming product bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction results in a net energy gain within the system?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between exothermic reactions and the environment?

    <p>Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings, causing the environment to heat up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical equilibrium, how do exothermic and endothermic reactions differ in their behavior?

    <p>The direction of energy flow can affect the rate at which equilibrium is reached and the position of equilibrium in a closed system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately represents the energy flow in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Energy flows into the system from the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields of study is primarily concerned with the study of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>Chemical thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between exothermic reactions and practical applications?

    <p>Exothermic reactions are often harnessed for heating purposes or as energy sources, such as in combustion engines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is an example of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Photosynthesis in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed system at equilibrium, how does the position of equilibrium shift when energy is supplied for an endothermic reaction?

    <p>The equilibrium shifts towards the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the graphical representation of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>The energy level of reactants is always higher than that of products in exothermic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The energy required to break bonds in reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds are formed in products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the spontaneity of a reaction?

    <p>The sign of ΔH alone cannot determine the spontaneity of a reaction, as it depends on both enthalpy and entropy changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an industrial setting, which of the following scenarios would require the implementation of cooling systems to manage excess heat release?

    <p>A highly exothermic reaction with a large negative ΔH value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the energy required to initiate a reaction?

    <p>A positive ΔH value indicates that energy must be supplied to initiate the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical reaction, which of the following factors primarily determines whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic?

    <p>The bond strengths of the reactants and products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would result in an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The formation of a stable product from unstable reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed system at equilibrium, how does the position of equilibrium shift when energy is removed from an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The equilibrium shifts towards the reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the entropy change (ΔS) in determining the spontaneity of a reaction?

    <p>The spontaneity of a reaction is determined by the overall Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), which depends on both ΔH and ΔS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

    <p>Endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The enthalpy change (ΔH) is always negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an exothermic reaction, the energy level of the products compared to the reactants is:

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cooling systems in industrial settings regarding exothermic reactions?

    <p>To prevent the system from overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is characterized by the release of energy into the surroundings?

    <p>Exothermic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive value of ΔH indicate about a chemical reaction?

    <p>The reaction is non-spontaneous and absorbs energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of endothermic reactions?

    <p>The temperature of the surroundings decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is typically used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

    <p>Exothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graphical representation of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>The energy level of the products is lower than the reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction typically requires external energy sources like heat or light to proceed?

    <p>Endothermic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Photosynthesis in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cooling systems in industrial settings regarding exothermic reactions?

    <p>To prevent the release of excess heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study is primarily concerned with the study of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Combustion of fossil fuels or wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of reaching equilibrium and the position of equilibrium in a closed system for exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>The rate and position can differ between exothermic and endothermic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study is primarily concerned with understanding the energy transfer and spontaneity of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

    <p>Chemical thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does energy flow in an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Energy flows out of the system into the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a practical application of exothermic reactions?

    <p>Combustion engines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an endothermic reaction?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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