CH 14: Exothermic and endothermic reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

  • The enthalpy change (ΔH) is positive.
  • The temperature of the surroundings decreases.
  • The system absorbs energy from the surroundings.
  • The system releases energy to the surroundings. (correct)

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

  • ΔH can be either positive or negative.
  • ΔH is positive. (correct)
  • ΔH is zero.
  • ΔH is negative.

Which of the following is an example of an endothermic reaction?

  • Combustion of methane.
  • Photosynthesis. (correct)
  • Neutralization of an acid and a base.
  • Condensation of water vapor.

How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an exothermic reaction?

<p>The temperature of the surroundings increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

<p>The graph shows a peak at the activated complex, ascending towards higher energy products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

<p>Energy is released when new bonds form in the product molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction emits energy into the surroundings?

<p>Exothermic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>Energy flow direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can affect the rate at which equilibrium is reached in a closed system?

<p>Direction of energy flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on understanding reaction spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes?

<p>Chemical Thermodynamics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction does the environment around it become cooler?

<p>Endothermic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative ΔH value indicate?

<p>Energy release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction requires external energy sources like heat or light?

<p>Endothermic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an exothermic reaction, the energy level of the products compared to the reactants is:

<p>Lower (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of endothermic reactions related to temperature?

<p>Increase in temperature in the reaction environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

<p>Endothermic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction requires cooling systems in industrial settings?

<p>Exothermic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor that differentiates exothermic from endothermic reactions?

<p>Energy absorption vs. energy release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction are safety risks associated with sudden heat release?

<p>Exothermic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of energy, what happens in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Energy is absorbed into the system from the surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions are more common in nature and industrial processes?

<p>Exothermic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the direction of energy flow in an exothermic reaction?

<p>Energy flows from the system into the surroundings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an endothermic reaction?

<p>The temperature of the surroundings decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a practical application of exothermic reactions?

<p>Providing cooling in refrigeration systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the position of equilibrium in a closed system differ between exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>The position of equilibrium can be affected by the direction of energy flow in both exothermic and endothermic reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of endothermic reactions related to temperature?

<p>The temperature of the system and surroundings both decrease during the reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields of study focuses on understanding the spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes?

<p>Chemical thermodynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

<p>The energy released when new bonds are formed is greater than the energy required to break bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative value of ΔH indicate about a chemical reaction?

<p>The reaction is exothermic and releases energy to the surroundings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor that differentiates exothermic from endothermic reactions?

<p>The relative energy levels of the reactants and products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is typically used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

<p>The energy level increases from reactants to products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is associated with sudden heat release and poses safety risks?

<p>Exothermic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction requires external energy sources like heat or light to proceed?

<p>Endothermic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

<p>Energy release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an exothermic reaction?

<p>The temperature increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (H) in an endothermic reaction?

<p>$\Delta H &gt; 0$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

<p>The temperature of the surroundings decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

<p>The graph peaks at the activated complex, ascending towards higher energy products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

<p>The temperature of the surroundings increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

<p>Endothermic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction requires external energy sources like heat or light to proceed?

<p>Endothermic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct graphical representation of an endothermic reaction?

<p>The graph peaks at the activated complex and descends towards higher energy products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

<p>The temperature of the surroundings increases as the system releases heat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which field of study does the understanding of reaction spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes play a crucial role?

<p>Chemical thermodynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor that differentiates exothermic from endothermic reactions?

<p>The direction of energy flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is typically used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the rate of reaching equilibrium and the position of equilibrium in a closed system differ between exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>The rate and position of equilibrium are affected by the direction of energy flow, but the exact differences depend on the specific reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on understanding the spontaneity and energy transfer in chemical processes?

<p>Chemical thermodynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Positive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

<p>Endothermic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the absorption of energy from the surroundings into the system?

<p>Endothermic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction, do product molecules form at a lower energy level than reactants, releasing excess energy?

<p>Exothermic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is a defining feature of exothermic reactions?

<p>Formation of product molecules at a higher energy level than reactants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cooling systems in industrial settings regarding exothermic reactions?

<p>To manage and dissipate excess heat produced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves solar energy absorption and conversion into chemical energy?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative ΔH value indicate for a chemical reaction?

<p>Energy liberation into surroundings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction poses safety risks due to sudden heat release and requires careful safety protocols?

<p>Combustion reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction are external energy sources like heat or light typically required to proceed?

<p>Combustion reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of temperature drop in endothermic reactions?

<p>To signify absorption of energy into the system from surroundings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field benefits significantly from understanding exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>Chemistry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature of the surroundings in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Decreases as the system absorbs heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction requires energy intake to break the bonds of reactants?

<p>Endothermic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy change (ΔH) for exothermic reactions?

<p>Negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In exothermic reactions, what happens to the temperature of the surroundings?

<p>Increases as the system releases heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of exothermic reactions related to bond formation?

<p>Energy release when forming product bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction results in a net energy gain within the system?

<p>Exothermic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between exothermic reactions and the environment?

<p>Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings, causing the environment to heat up. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chemical equilibrium, how do exothermic and endothermic reactions differ in their behavior?

<p>The direction of energy flow can affect the rate at which equilibrium is reached and the position of equilibrium in a closed system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately represents the energy flow in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Energy flows into the system from the surroundings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields of study is primarily concerned with the study of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>Chemical thermodynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between exothermic reactions and practical applications?

<p>Exothermic reactions are often harnessed for heating purposes or as energy sources, such as in combustion engines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is an example of an endothermic reaction?

<p>Photosynthesis in plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system at equilibrium, how does the position of equilibrium shift when energy is supplied for an endothermic reaction?

<p>The equilibrium shifts towards the products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the graphical representation of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>The energy level of reactants is always higher than that of products in exothermic reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

<p>The energy required to break bonds in reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds are formed in products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the spontaneity of a reaction?

<p>The sign of ΔH alone cannot determine the spontaneity of a reaction, as it depends on both enthalpy and entropy changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an industrial setting, which of the following scenarios would require the implementation of cooling systems to manage excess heat release?

<p>A highly exothermic reaction with a large negative ΔH value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the energy required to initiate a reaction?

<p>A positive ΔH value indicates that energy must be supplied to initiate the reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, which of the following factors primarily determines whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic?

<p>The bond strengths of the reactants and products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would result in an exothermic reaction?

<p>The formation of a stable product from unstable reactants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system at equilibrium, how does the position of equilibrium shift when energy is removed from an exothermic reaction?

<p>The equilibrium shifts towards the reactants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the entropy change (ΔS) in determining the spontaneity of a reaction?

<p>The spontaneity of a reaction is determined by the overall Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), which depends on both ΔH and ΔS. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an endothermic reaction?

<p>Positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is photosynthesis considered?

<p>Endothermic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

<p>The enthalpy change (ΔH) is always negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an exothermic reaction, the energy level of the products compared to the reactants is:

<p>Lower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is often used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cooling systems in industrial settings regarding exothermic reactions?

<p>To prevent the system from overheating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is characterized by the release of energy into the surroundings?

<p>Exothermic reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive value of ΔH indicate about a chemical reaction?

<p>The reaction is non-spontaneous and absorbs energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of endothermic reactions?

<p>The temperature of the surroundings decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is typically used for heating purposes or as energy sources?

<p>Exothermic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the graphical representation of an exothermic reaction?

<p>The energy level of the products is lower than the reactants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction typically requires external energy sources like heat or light to proceed?

<p>Endothermic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign of the enthalpy change (ΔH) in an exothermic reaction?

<p>Negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an endothermic reaction?

<p>Photosynthesis in plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cooling systems in industrial settings regarding exothermic reactions?

<p>To prevent the release of excess heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study is primarily concerned with the study of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>Chemistry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?

<p>Combustion of fossil fuels or wood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of reaching equilibrium and the position of equilibrium in a closed system for exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>The rate and position can differ between exothermic and endothermic reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study is primarily concerned with understanding the energy transfer and spontaneity of exothermic and endothermic reactions?

<p>Chemical thermodynamics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does energy flow in an exothermic reaction?

<p>Energy flows out of the system into the surroundings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a practical application of exothermic reactions?

<p>Combustion engines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the temperature of the surroundings change during an endothermic reaction?

<p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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