Organizational Challenges in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of an organization?

  • A collection of resources and assets
  • A system of communication and information flow (correct)
  • A group of people with a common goal (correct)
  • A structure with defined roles and responsibilities (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a common challenge faced by Philippine organizations?

  • Rapid technological advancements
  • Shifting workforce demographics
  • Lack of access to raw materials (correct)
  • High employee turnover rates
  • What is the primary purpose of an organizational model?

  • To illustrate the relationships between various departments
  • To provide a framework for organizational decision-making (correct)
  • To define individual employee roles and responsibilities
  • To track and analyze organizational performance data
  • Which of the following is an example of a change that Filipino workers may be facing?

    <p>Growing demand for specialized skills and knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an organization?

    <p>A purely social gathering without clear goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of the following is NOT a trend affecting workers and organizations?

    <p>Increased use of technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of David Hanna's organizational model?

    <p>Focus on employee well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a legal trend affecting workers and organizations discussed in the text?

    <p>Increase in minimum wage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the quick survey responses, what percentage of a working adult's day is spent working?

    <p>33.3% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary message conveyed by the statement about unhappiness at work?

    <p>Job satisfaction is essential for overall well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a direct impact of climate change on businesses and organizations?

    <p>Reduced reliance on fossil fuels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with spending 8 hours a day unhappy at work?

    <p>It affects the quality of personal and leisure time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a legal trend directly related to worker rights?

    <p>No smoking law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of psychology under which Industrial-Organizational Psychology can be classified?

    <p>Cognitive Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an area typically studied within the scope of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

    <p>Consumer Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following figures advocated participatory management in the pre-scientific era?

    <p>John Locke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of the "Human Relations Movement" to Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

    <p>The recognition of the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

    <p>To understand the psychological processes behind individual and group behavior in organizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of having a strong understanding of Industrial-Organizational Psychology principles?

    <p>Understanding and treating mental health issues in individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did World War I have on the development of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

    <p>It created the need for psychological testing and selection of personnel for military service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that Industrial-Organizational Psychology can help organizations?

    <p>Predicting individual financial performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key objective of Industrial-Organizational Psychology in terms of employee behavior?

    <p>To motivate employees to achieve individual and organizational goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with first using the term "industrial psychology"?

    <p>W.L. Bryan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a "Human Resource Function" that falls under the scope of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

    <p>Developing leadership skills within an organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual made significant contributions to the development of personnel procedures within the US Army during World War I?

    <p>Walter Dill Scott (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the "father of industrial psychology" for pioneering the application of psychological findings to practical matters?

    <p>Hugo Munsterberg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major contribution to industrial psychology did Robert Yerkes offer during World War I?

    <p>Proposed methods to identify and classify mental deficiencies in recruits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is associated with the Hawthorne Studies?

    <p>Elton Mayo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Hawthorne Studies?

    <p>The relationship between worker satisfaction and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Kurt Lewin publish the first empirical study on the effects of leadership styles?

    <p>1939 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories of motivation supported the human relations movement of the 1950s and 1960s?

    <p>Humanistic Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends is likely to increase the demand for workers with technological competencies?

    <p>The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in businesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the trend of an aging population in other countries affect the workforce in the country mentioned in the text?

    <p>It may lead to a decrease in the number of skilled workers available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social/cultural trend is likely to contribute to the need for organizations to implement diversity and inclusion programs?

    <p>The decline in BPOs, hospitality, manufacturing, and agriculture industries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of the increasing use of technology in the workplace?

    <p>Increased alienation of unskilled workers who may require retraining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the trend of globalization affect the nature of work in the country mentioned in the text?

    <p>It may lead to increased competition and the potential for outsourcing of jobs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a likely result of the trend of changing family structures in the workplace?

    <p>An increase in the need for family-friendly policies and benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends is likely to have a significant impact on the political landscape of the country discussed in the text?

    <p>The changing leadership style in government towards a more directive/autocratic approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends is most likely to contribute to the rise of work from home arrangements?

    <p>The increasing use of technology, particularly communication tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends is most likely to increase the demand for engagement and retention programs in organizations?

    <p>The diminishing loyalty and rising turnover among employees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a trend mentioned in the text that could potentially affect the workforce?

    <p>The decline of trade unions and their influence on labor rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following I/O psychology topics are NOT specifically mentioned as being popular in both Canada and the United States?

    <p>Job stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key development in the Philippines in the 1950s that contributed to the emergence of I/O Psychology?

    <p>The hiring of the first Filipino I/O psychologist in a major business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries has the highest number of I/O psychology graduate programs?

    <p>United States (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the data provided, which of these professions has the highest median salary for newly graduated individuals with a PhD in I/O Psychology?

    <p>Companies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change in the I/O Psychology field as presented?

    <p>A shift from a purely American focus to an increasingly global field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is NOT listed as having at least 5 I/O graduate programs?

    <p>Turkey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries does the text highlight as having a strong emphasis on career development as a popular research topic?

    <p>Canada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What insight on the international presence of I/O Psychology is highlighted by the changing names of consulting firms like DDI and PDI?

    <p>These firms are expanding internationally to cater to a growing demand for I/O consulting services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects the gender disparity in I/O Psychology salaries as presented in the text?

    <p>The pay gap is less pronounced in the I/O Psychology field compared to other professions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following statements best describes the trend of I/O Psychology around the world?

    <p>The field of I/O psychology is becoming increasingly internationally connected and influential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Definition of Organization

    An organization is a structured group of individuals working towards common goals.

    Characteristics of Organizations

    Organizations have key characteristics like structure, purpose, and resource allocation.

    Organizational Model

    An organizational model outlines how tasks and responsibilities are distributed within an organization.

    Challenges in Philippine Organizations

    Philippine organizations face changes like globalization, technology adaptation, and workforce diversity.

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    Filipino Workers Changes

    Filipino workers are adapting to new work demands and cultural shifts.

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    Climate Change Impact

    Climate change affects industries like waste management and agriculture.

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    Disaster Risk Management

    Policies needed to manage risks from disasters like floods and earthquakes.

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    Green Business Practices

    Environment consciousness leads to sustainable business options.

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    Decline in Unionism

    There is a decrease in the strength of labor unions in organizations.

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    Anti-Discrimination Law

    Legal provisions to protect individuals from discrimination based on gender identity or sexual orientation.

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    Mental Health Law

    Legislation aimed at promoting mental health and supporting affected individuals.

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    Contractualization Issue

    Clamp down on 'endo' practices to enhance labor rights.

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    Effect of Work Happiness

    Unhappiness at work can negatively affect personal life outside of work.

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    Scientific Management

    A philosophy to improve efficiency through work method design and worker selection.

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    Industrial Psychology

    The application of psychology principles to workplace issues.

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    Hawthorne Effect

    Changes in behavior due to awareness of being observed in studies.

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    Walter Dill Scott

    Applied psychology in advertising and army personnel during WW1.

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    Hawthorne Studies

    Research that explored the impacts of work environment on productivity.

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    Psychological Corporation

    Founded by James Cattell in 1921 to advance psychological practices in industry.

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    Kurt Lewin

    Led the first empirical study on the effects of leadership styles in 1939.

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    Army General Classification Test

    An assessment to select and place army recruits based on performance under stress.

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    P.E.S.T.E.L.

    A strategic analysis tool examining Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors.

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    Political Trends

    Changes in leadership, policies, and international relations affecting organizations and workers.

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    Economic Globalization

    The worldwide exchange of goods, services, and information impacting competition and employment.

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    Socio-Cultural Trends

    Shifts in societal norms, diversity, and workforce demographics affecting workplace dynamics.

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    Diversity/Inclusion

    Efforts to ensure representation and equality within the workforce across different groups.

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    Technological Impact

    Influence of technology on job roles, recruitment, and productivity within organizations.

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    Automation

    The use of technology to perform tasks, changing job functions and skill requirements.

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    Alienation of Unskilled Workers

    Increasing disconnection felt by workers lacking technological skills due to industry demands.

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    Generational Workforce Changes

    Variations in employee characteristics, values, and preferences across different age groups.

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    Changing Work Arrangements

    Shift towards telecommuting and flexible work structures in response to modern needs.

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    Importance of Work

    Financial security and emotional fulfillment gained from work.

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    Dangers of Work

    Physical hazards and stress related to the workplace.

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    I/O Psychology

    Scientific study of behavior in organizations and workplaces.

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    Individual Work Behaviors

    Psychological processes that influence personal work performance.

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    Group/Team Processes

    Dynamics of relationships within and between teams at work.

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    Human Resource Functions

    Processes in hiring, training, and managing employee performance.

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    Pre-Scientific Psychology

    Foundational thoughts influencing early management concepts.

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    Early Management Schools

    First professional management training began at University of Pennsylvania.

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    Human Relations Movement

    Shifted focus to social relationships in organizations.

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    Scientific Management origins

    Concepts developed post-World War I to improve productivity.

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    I/O Psychology Expansion

    Industrial/Organizational Psychology has grown significantly globally in recent years.

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    Developmental Decisions International

    A consulting firm that expanded from a national to international focus.

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    Countries with I/O Programs

    The U.S. has the highest number of I/O graduate programs worldwide.

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    Popular I/O Topics in Canada

    In Canada, key I/O topics include career development and employee selection.

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    Employee Selection

    One of the most studied topics in I/O Psychology across various countries.

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    Job Stress Research

    Job stress is a significant area of research in countries like Germany and Japan.

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    Mariano Obias

    First PhD graduate in I/O Psychology in the Philippines, graduated in 1955.

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    I/O Research in Japan

    In Japan, popular topics include career development and job stress.

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    Graduate Program Increase

    There has been a rapid increase in I/O graduate programs globally.

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    International I/O Consulting

    American consulting firms are becoming international through various expansions.

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    Study Notes

    Industrial Psychology

    • Second Semester, 2024-2025

    RE-CAP

    • Context of organizations (definition of organization, characteristics)
    • Organizational Model
    • Challenges/changes in Philippine organizations and Filipino workers (POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL/CULTURAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, LEGAL)

    Political

    • Leadership style (more directive/autocratic)
    • Change in government leaders (cronyism)
    • International policies (shift in foreign trade/investment)
    • War/conflict (Ukraine and other areas - affects migrant work)

    Economic

    • Globalization (transfer of information, products, and services)
    • Competition, outsourcing, retrenchment
    • Quality standards (stricter)
    • Decline in BPOs, hospitality, manufacturing, agriculture
    • Changes in wages (minimum, monthly, exchange rates, GDP - inflation)
    • Impending global recession
    • Persistent poverty (migration continues, aging population in other countries)

    Socio-Cultural

    • Diversity/Inclusion
    • International workforce (cultural diversity)
    • Women in the workforce (glass ceiling)
    • LGBT issues (gender discrimination)
    • PWDs (changing policies, facilities)
    • Generations in the workplace (changing policies)
    • Religious patterns (multi-faith)
    • Multigenerational workforce
    • Decreased loyalty/turnover (engagement/retention programs)
    • Changing family structures (policies/benefits)
    • Lifestyles/values influencing products
    • Educational levels (gap between public & private schools)

    Technology

    • Automation (shifts nature of jobs)
    • Technology's role in recruitment, learning, communication, and productivity
    • Alienation of unskilled workers (retooling/training required)
    • Fast work pace & 24/7 accessibility (job stress/work-life balance)
    • Changing work arrangements (work from home/virtual structures)
    • Social media policies & productivity
    • Increase in AI use in business

    Environmental

    • Climate change affecting business (waste management, mining industries, agriculture)
    • Disaster risk/response management
    • Environmental consciousness (green initiatives)
    • Traffic impacting productivity
    • Pollution and health concerns (COVID-19 pandemic, substance abuse, etc.)
    • Decline in unionism
    • Anti-discrimination law (SOGIE)
    • Clamp down on contractualization (endo)
    • No-smoking law
    • Changes in maternity leave legislation
    • Anti-discrimination laws
    • Mental health laws

    DAVID HANNA'S ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL

    • Identifies business situation (environment), strategy, structure, rewards, tasks, policies, people, information, business results, culture and norms

    INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

    • Introduction (general overview)
    • History overview
    • Areas of specialization
    • Research topics overview

    QUICK SURVEY

    • Time spent on different activities (sleeping, eating, watching TV, working, commuting, with family/friends)
    • Unhappiness at work impacting family and leisure
    • Specific time allocations to activities

    IMPORTANCE AND DANGERS OF WORK

    Importance

    • Financial security
    • Emotional security/happiness
    • Sense of identity/status
    • Sense of fulfillment/accomplishment
    • Social rewards

    Dangers

    • Physical workplace hazards
    • Work-related anxiety/frustration
    • Work-related stress

    INDUSTRIAL - ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

    • Specialty studying human behavior in organizations and the workplace
    • Deriving principles of individual, group and organizational behavior
    • Applying this knowledge to problem-solving in the workplace
    • Helping people and organizations
    • Helping employers treat employees fairly
    • Helping make jobs more interesting and satisfying
    • Helping workers be more productive

    SCOPE OF I/O PSYCHOLOGY

    • Individual Work Behaviors
    • Group/Team Processes
    • Human Resource Functions (recruitment, selection, training, development, performance management)

    BRIEF OUTLINE OF HISTORY

    • (Pre-Scientific):* Aristotle, Machiavelli (The Prince)
    • (Early Years (Pre-WWI)):* Bryan, Walter Dill Scott, Hugo Munsterberg
    • (World War I):* Robert Yerkes, Walter Dill Scott
    • (Between the Wars (1919-1940)):* James Cattell, Hawthorne Studies, Elton Mayo
    • (World War II (1941-1945)):* Development of tests (Army General Classification Test, Situational Stress)
    • (1950's and 1960's):* Rogers, Maslow, Skinner, Peter Drucker, John Flanigan, Civil Rights Act,
    • (1970's):* B.F Skinner, Rise of cognitive approaches/Porter & Lawler
    • (1980's and 1990's):* Quality circles, Organizational climate, meta-analysis,
    • (Present Times):* Percentage of I/O Psychologists setting differences, Mean salaries (M.A., Ph.D., etc), Internationalization of I/O
    • (I/O in Philippines):* Beginnings of I/O in Philippines (specific historical dates, researchers/influencers)

    PRESENT TIMES

    • Mean salaries of I/O psychologists (2000)
    • I/O psychology growth worldwide
    • Percentage of I/O psychologists in various settings (1960 & 2001)

    COUNTRIES WITH THE MOST I/O GRADUATE PROGRAMS

    • Country data (U.S., Germany, etc.)
    • Number of programs
    • Country-specific topics covered by researchers in I/O

    RECITATION PAPER #1

    • Directions for the paper
    • Expectations for the analysis of trends, how they are shaping research in I/O psychology

    NEXT TOPICS

    • Organizational structure and theories

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    This quiz explores various characteristics and challenges faced by organizations in the Philippines, including legal trends, organizational models, and worker happiness. Test your knowledge on the dynamics that shape workplace environments in the country.

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