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Questions and Answers
Frederick Taylor is known as the father of management.
Frederick Taylor is known as the father of management.
True
The Hawthorne studies indicated that changes in physical conditions were the sole reason for increased productivity.
The Hawthorne studies indicated that changes in physical conditions were the sole reason for increased productivity.
False
The behavioral science approach considers humans to be complex individuals with diverse motivations.
The behavioral science approach considers humans to be complex individuals with diverse motivations.
True
Elton Mayo was the first to study human behavior at work.
Elton Mayo was the first to study human behavior at work.
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The equal division of work is a principle emphasized by the behavioral science approach.
The equal division of work is a principle emphasized by the behavioral science approach.
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs was a significant contribution to the behavioral science approach.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs was a significant contribution to the behavioral science approach.
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The human relations approach mainly focuses on physical aspects of work environment.
The human relations approach mainly focuses on physical aspects of work environment.
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Douglas McGregor introduced theories about the attitudes of managers towards their workers in the behavioral science approach.
Douglas McGregor introduced theories about the attitudes of managers towards their workers in the behavioral science approach.
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The behavioral science approach is a regression to earlier classical management theories.
The behavioral science approach is a regression to earlier classical management theories.
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Interdependence between managers and non-managers is a key aspect emphasized by Frederick Taylor.
Interdependence between managers and non-managers is a key aspect emphasized by Frederick Taylor.
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The Custodial Model emphasizes a managerial orientation of authority.
The Custodial Model emphasizes a managerial orientation of authority.
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In the Supportive Model, the employee need that is met is self-actualization.
In the Supportive Model, the employee need that is met is self-actualization.
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The Autocratic Model leads to employee dependence on the boss.
The Autocratic Model leads to employee dependence on the boss.
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The performance result of the Collegial Model is characterized by minimal enthusiasm.
The performance result of the Collegial Model is characterized by minimal enthusiasm.
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Surveys and interviews are common methods for studying organizational behavior.
Surveys and interviews are common methods for studying organizational behavior.
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The performance result for the Custodial Model is active engagement from employees.
The performance result for the Custodial Model is active engagement from employees.
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The dominant model of organizational behavior is always used exclusively in an organization.
The dominant model of organizational behavior is always used exclusively in an organization.
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The basis of the Supportive Model is rooted in power dynamics.
The basis of the Supportive Model is rooted in power dynamics.
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Within the Autocratic Model, the only employee need met is subsistence.
Within the Autocratic Model, the only employee need met is subsistence.
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Data collection methods in organizational behavior can include observation without interaction.
Data collection methods in organizational behavior can include observation without interaction.
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Culture shock consists of an initial stage of confusion followed by frustration and ultimately optimism about a new culture.
Culture shock consists of an initial stage of confusion followed by frustration and ultimately optimism about a new culture.
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Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are organizations that operate exclusively within a single nation and do not expand globally.
Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are organizations that operate exclusively within a single nation and do not expand globally.
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Flextime programs allow employees to set their work schedules based on their personal life demands, offering flexibility in arrival and departure times.
Flextime programs allow employees to set their work schedules based on their personal life demands, offering flexibility in arrival and departure times.
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Compressed workweeks involve employees working more days but for fewer hours each day.
Compressed workweeks involve employees working more days but for fewer hours each day.
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Job sharing is a work arrangement in which two or more employees share the responsibilities of a single job and are compensated proportionally based on their work time.
Job sharing is a work arrangement in which two or more employees share the responsibilities of a single job and are compensated proportionally based on their work time.
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An organization can be defined solely as a collection of things like machines and tools.
An organization can be defined solely as a collection of things like machines and tools.
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The study of organizational behavior includes understanding how individuals, groups, and organizations interact with each other.
The study of organizational behavior includes understanding how individuals, groups, and organizations interact with each other.
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Survival is the only goal that organizations tend to prioritize.
Survival is the only goal that organizations tend to prioritize.
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The group level of analysis in organizational behavior focuses on individual attitudes and behaviors.
The group level of analysis in organizational behavior focuses on individual attitudes and behaviors.
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Psychology plays a significant role in the field of organizational behavior by measuring and explaining human behavior.
Psychology plays a significant role in the field of organizational behavior by measuring and explaining human behavior.
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Organizational behavior is uninterested in how organizations adapt to change.
Organizational behavior is uninterested in how organizations adapt to change.
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Keith Davis emphasized that organizational behavior aims to identify ways for individuals and groups to act more effectively within organizations.
Keith Davis emphasized that organizational behavior aims to identify ways for individuals and groups to act more effectively within organizations.
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Early psychologists only focused on studying learning and motivation.
Early psychologists only focused on studying learning and motivation.
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Sociology contributes to Organizational Behavior by focusing on group processes and communication.
Sociology contributes to Organizational Behavior by focusing on group processes and communication.
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Social psychology is primarily concerned with individual behavior rather than the influence of groups.
Social psychology is primarily concerned with individual behavior rather than the influence of groups.
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Anthropology's major contributions to Organizational Behavior include organizational culture and national cultural differences.
Anthropology's major contributions to Organizational Behavior include organizational culture and national cultural differences.
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One of the four goals of organizational behavior is to predict future behavior of employees.
One of the four goals of organizational behavior is to predict future behavior of employees.
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The first stage of Organizational Behavior development occurred after 1900.
The first stage of Organizational Behavior development occurred after 1900.
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Industrialization began a new industrial era in the USA during the 19th century.
Industrialization began a new industrial era in the USA during the 19th century.
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Controlling behavior in Organizational Behavior refers solely to punishing employees for poor performance.
Controlling behavior in Organizational Behavior refers solely to punishing employees for poor performance.
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Managers must understand the reasons behind employee behavior to effectively manage their teams.
Managers must understand the reasons behind employee behavior to effectively manage their teams.
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Study Notes
Organizational Behavior
- Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of how people, groups, and organizations interact and influence each other.
- OB's goal is to describe, understand, predict, and control human behavior in organizational settings.
- OB draws from various social sciences, including Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Anthropology.
- OB studies behavior at the individual, group, and organizational levels.
Defining Organization
- An organization is a structured social system comprised of groups and individuals who work together to achieve shared objectives.
- Organizations exist to achieve common goals through coordinated group effort.
- The key characteristic is the coordinated presence of people, not necessarily things, to work effectively.
- Goal accomplishment drives the assembly of individuals into an organization.
- Survival is an essential organizational goal.
- Organizations depend on interaction and coordination amongst individuals to reach objectives.
Levels of Analysis in OB
- Individual Level: focuses on individual factors like motives, perceptions, attitudes, and personality that drive behavior and performance.
- Group Level: emphasizes small group dynamics, characteristics, and relationships within a group.
- Organizational Level: concentrates on organizational design and its impact on overall organizational behavior.
Major Disciplines
- Psychology: studies human behavior to measure, explain, and sometimes alter behavior, including perception, learning, personality, stress, attitudes, and motivation. This discipline contributes significantly to understanding individual behavior in organizations.
- Sociology: examines the people within groups through the study of communication, power, and conflict. This understanding helps interpret group dynamics and related organizational behaviors.
- Social Psychology: combines principles from psychology and sociology to better understand how individuals influence one another, including group processes, group decision-making, and attitudes.
- Anthropology: studies societies to learn about human beings and their activities, providing insights into organizational culture, differing attitudes and behaviors among national cultures, and organizational environments.
OB Goals
- Describe: observe and document how people act in various circumstances.
- Understand: explain the reasons behind people's behaviors.
- Predict: forecast future employee behavior based on prior observed patterns.
- Control: influence and shape behavior to achieve organizational goals and a positive organizational atmosphere.
Models of Organizational Behavior
- Autocratic Model: managers focus on power and authority. Employees are expected to obey and depend on superiors.
- Custodial Model: managers primarily focus on providing economic resources like salary and benefits. Employees, in turn, are oriented toward security and depend on the organization.
- Supportive Model: leadership is based on encouragement and support. Employees are oriented toward their work and participating in the organization.
- Collegial Model: managers promote teamwork and partnership. Employees are inclined towards self-discipline, and responsible behavior. Self-actualization is the employee need driven, moderate in enthusiasm.
OB Study Methods
- Surveys: gather quantitative data on attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions using structured questions.
- Interviews: gather qualitative insights into experiences, attitudes, and perceptions.
- Observations: gather data on behaviors, interactions, and decision-making in real-life organizational settings.
- Case Studies: offer in-depth analysis of specific organizations, groups, or individuals.
Challenges and Opportunities
- Globalization: the interconnectedness of people around the world demanding managers to adapt to cultural differences and diversity in the workforce. Expatriates face culture shock, which refers to the confusion and disorientation felt by people interacting with unfamiliar cultures. Phases of adjustment include initial optimism, followed by frustration and confusion, and finally, understanding, acceptance, and adaptation.
- Responding to Employee Needs for Flexibility: Organizations adapt through flexible work arrangements like flextime programs, job sharing, voluntary reduced work time programs, compressed workweeks, contingent workforce, and telecommuting.
- Working in Networked Organizations (Virtual Organizations): Managers must develop new skills, such as motivating, leading, and facilitating collaboration over extensive distances.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of Organizational Behavior. This quiz covers the theories, definitions, and essential characteristics of organizations. Explore how individuals and groups interact within organizations to achieve common objectives.
