Oral and Patient Infections Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used for an infection of the gums?

Gingivostomatitis (correct)

Glossitis

Tonsillitis

Parotitis

What type of dental abscess occurs at the root of a tooth?

Periapical abscess (correct)

Gingival abscess

Periodontal abscess

Salivary abscess

Which infection is characterized by inflammation of the cornea?

Sinusitis

Conjunctivitis

Tonsillitis

Keratitis (correct)

What type of infection results in a pocket of pus in the tissues of the gum?

Periodontal abscess Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections is associated with the salivary glands?

Parotitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the common term for infections of the ears?

Otitis Signup and view all the answers

Which infection causes the inflammation of the tonsils?

Tonsillitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental prevention method to control infections on the hands?

Regular handwashing Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason for the increased colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity of elderly people?

Loss of teeth and poor hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which infection can be contracted through prosthetic materials?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of treatment for tetanus?

Managing complications from the toxin effects Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis B is transmitted through which mode?

Blood and unprotected sex Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria can be present in dental materials?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is particularly at risk for chronic hepatitis B infection?

Infected babies and children Signup and view all the answers

In the dental laboratory environment, which type of infection can be present?

A mix of various infections Signup and view all the answers

Which virus specifically targets T cells in the immune system?

HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way HIV is transmitted?

Sexual behaviors and needle use Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluids can transmit HIV?

Blood and breast milk Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom when an adult is first infected with CMV?

Sore throat Signup and view all the answers

Staphylococcus aureus is primarily transmitted by which of the following methods?

Direct contact and contaminated objects Signup and view all the answers

How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?

Airborne droplets from an infected person Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is NOT mentioned as being found in dental labs?

Influenza virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to decontaminate dental unit waterlines?

Using filters that block bacterial and parasitic invasion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of microorganism found in air conditioning canalizations?

Legionella pneumophilia Signup and view all the answers

Which of these viruses is NOT commonly transmitted in dental settings?

Ebola Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for preventing CMV transmission?

Frequent hand washing Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a potential cross-infection hazard in dental practices?

Indirect contact with contaminated instruments Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a part of the chain of infection transmission?

Preventative measures Signup and view all the answers

Which infection control practice is crucial for dental laboratory professionals?

Following recommended infection control procedures Signup and view all the answers

How can microorganisms be transmitted indirectly in dental settings?

Using contaminated equipment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about microorganisms in dental settings?

They are only present in waterlines Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route for transmission of microorganisms in dental practices?

Inhalation of airborne microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oral Cavity Infections

The oral cavity is a very active area in terms of microorganisms found in the space: gums, teeth, tongue, palate, throat and salivary glands
Gingivostomatitis: infection of the gums
Dental Infections: can result in abscesses and pus formation
- Gingival abscess: infection between the teeth and the gums
- Periodontal abscess: a pocket of pus in the gum tissues
- Periapical abscess: pus collection at the root of a tooth
Glossitis: infection of the tongue
Parotitis: infections of the salivary glands
Tonsillitis: infection of the tonsils

Patient Infections

Ear Infections: called otitis
Facial Sinus Infections: called sinusitis
Eye Infections:
- Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the eye, causing redness, pain and tear production
- Keratitis: infection of the cornea

Hand Infections

Hand infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi
Handwashing is an important practice to prevent these infections, particularly in healthcare settings

Infections in Elderly Individuals

The oral cavity of elderly individuals is more susceptible to colonization by microorganisms compared to younger adults
Contributing factors include: tooth loss, poor hygiene, stomatitis, gingivitis, abscesses and inadequate dental prosthesis maintenance
Infections are often caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and viruses

Dental Lab Environment Infections

Prosthetic Materials:
- Tetanus:
  - Caused by a bacterial toxin, entering through contaminated cuts
  - Affects the nervous system
  - Vaccinations are crucial
- Hepatitis B:
  - Most common liver infection globally
  - Transmitted through blood, unprotected sex, shared needles, and infected mothers to newborns
  - Most adults recover, but some develop chronic infection
  - Acute infection can last for 6 months
- HIV:
  - Attacks the immune system, specifically T cells
  - Transmitted through sexual activities and needle sharing
- CMV (Cytomegalovirus):
  - Common virus that can be present for life in most individuals
  - Spreads through body fluids: blood, saliva, urine, semen and breast milk
  - Can cause fatigue, fever, sore throat, muscle aches for some adults
- Staphylococcus Aureus:
  - Found in 30% of people on their skin or in the nose
  - Spread through contact with infected individuals, contaminated objects, or inhaling infected droplets
- Tuberculosis:
  - Caused by a bacterium spread through airborne droplets
  - Transmission is controlled through administrative, environmental, and personal respiratory protection measures
- Dental Lab Environment:
  - Several bacteria and viruses are present in the dental lab environment
  - Some are airborne (inhalation) and others are spread through direct contact
  - Examples of common bacteria include: Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catharralis, Staphylococcus Aureus, Neissiria Meningitis
- Air Conditioning Canalizations:
  - Legionella Pneumophilia, Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Chlamydia can be found in A/C systems
- Water Canalizations:
  - Dental unit water lines can harbor microorganisms like salmonella and amoeba
  - Water should be decontaminated using filters to block bacterial and parasitic invasion

Cross Infection and Occupational Risks

Occupational Risks for Dental Laboratory Professionals:
- Similar to the dental team, appropriate infection control precautions are crucial
- Improper handling of contaminated items can lead to cross-contamination which can be harmful
Transmission Mechanisms:
- Direct contact with blood, oral fluids, or patient materials
- Indirect contact with contaminated objects (instruments, equipment, impressions, casts, environmental surfaces)
- Contact of conjunctiva, nasal, or oral mucosa with infected droplets (coughing, sneezing, talking)
- Inhalation of airborne microorganisms
Chain of Cross Infection:
- Viable microorganism
- Suitable reservoir for survival
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host

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Description

Explore various infections affecting the oral cavity and other areas like ears, eyes, and hands. This quiz covers conditions such as gingivostomatitis, otitis, and conjunctivitis, detailing their causes and effects. Understand the significance of proper hygiene in preventing these infections.