Infections of the Oral Cavity
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Questions and Answers

What are the clinical features of oral candidiasis?

Lesions occur on the buccal mucosa or hard palate, appear as white adherent patches that may become confluent, surrounding mucosa is red and sore.

Which of the following conditions can lead to oral candidiasis?

  • Diabetes
  • HIV Infections
  • Steroid Therapy
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Match the type of infection with its cause:

    Oral Thrush = Candida sp. Herpes Gingivo-Stomatitis = Herpes Simplex Virus Herpangina = Coxsackievirus A Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease = Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A 16

    What is the primary treatment for oral candidiasis?

    <p>Topical antifungal agents such as Nystatin suspensions, Miconazole lozenges, or Clotrimazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of Herpes Gingivo-Stomatitis?

    <p>High fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, irritability, and painful oral lesions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of Herpes Gingivo-Stomatitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of Herpangina?

    <p>Vesicular lesions on the anterior pillars of the fauces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Herpangina transmitted?

    <p>Person to person via faeco-oral route, respiratory droplets, and contact transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease?

    <p>Coxsackievirus A 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infections of the Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands

    • Common infections include oral thrush (candidiasis), herpes gingivo-stomatitis, herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, Vincent’s angina, and dentoalveolar infections.

    Oral Candidiasis (Oral Thrush)

    • Caused by opportunistic infection from Candida species; prevalent in individuals with compromised immunity (e.g., diabetes, HIV, steroid therapy, newborns, denture wearers).
    • Clinical features: White adherent patches on buccal mucosa or hard palate, red, sore surrounding mucosa, potential for confluent curd-like pseudomembrane.
    • Diagnosis: Scrapings/swabs from lesions, Gram stain, and culture on Sabouraud's agar.
    • Treatment involves topical antifungal agents like nystatin, miconazole lozenges, and clotrimazole.

    Herpes Gingivo-Stomatitis

    • Caused by Herpes simplex virus (commonly HSV-1, rarely HSV-2); primarily affects children aged 6 months to 6 years.
    • Clinical features: Abrupt onset with high fever, headache, malaise, irritability, bilateral lymphadenopathy, and oral lesions that appear as coalescing vesicles leading to painful ulcers.
    • New lesions may develop for 3-5 days; ulcers typically heal within 10-14 days.
    • Pathogenesis involves targeting epithelial cells, resulting in vesicle formation, ulceration, and potential latency of the virus.

    Herpangina

    • Acute febrile illness characterized by small vesicular lesions in the posterior oropharyngeal area, caused by Coxsackievirus A.
    • Common symptoms: Abrupt fever, sore throat, anorexia, dysphagia, vomiting; vesicles on the fauces, uvula, tonsils, and tongue.
    • Mainly occurs in small children; transmitted via fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, and direct contact.
    • Diagnosis includes clinical history, stool specimens, and swabs; treatment focuses on symptomatic relief.

    Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease

    • Caused by Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16; highly contagious among infants and young children, particularly in nursery settings.
    • Initial symptoms resemble common illnesses: fever, headache, malaise; leads to painful red blisters in the oral cavity (throat, tongue, gums) and on palms, hands, and soles.
    • Clinical progression includes development of oral ulcers, potential CNS involvement, and abdominal discomfort.
    • Prevention emphasizes good hygiene practices like hand washing.

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    Description

    This quiz covers common infections affecting the oral cavity and salivary glands, including oral thrush and herpes gingivo-stomatitis. It addresses the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options for these infections. Great for students studying dentistry or medicine.

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