Opiates in Symptom Relief for Lung Cancer Patients

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What is the key advantage of using diamorphine (heroin) for the management of dyspnoea in lung cancer patients?

Diamorphine has anxiolytic and antitussive effects that make it ideal for lung cancer. (correct)
Diamorphine is less addictive than other opioids.
Diamorphine has no risk of respiratory depression.
Diamorphine is more effective than oral morphine for managing dyspnoea.

What is the recommended starting dose of oral morphine for a patient not already receiving morphine for dyspnoea?

20 mg 4-hourly/prn
10 mg 4-hourly/prn
5 mg 4-hourly/prn (correct)
2.5 mg 4-hourly/prn

For patients already receiving morphine, either for pain or dyspnoea, what is the recommended increase in the overall dose?

20% to 30%
50% to 70%
30% to 50% (correct)
10% to 20%

What is the recommended route of administration when the oral route is no longer available?

Continuous subcutaneous infusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the use of benzodiazepines in the management of dyspnoea in palliative care?

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in palliative care, despite the lack of evidence for their efficacy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for not recommending the use of nebulized opiates for the management of dyspnoea?

The use of nebulized opiates is not recommended, according to the text. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is intravenous or subcutaneous diamorphine often used for extreme dyspnoea and distress?

Intravenous or subcutaneous diamorphine provides more rapid relief than the oral route. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concern regarding the use of benzodiazepines for the management of dyspnoea in palliative care?

Benzodiazepines have a higher risk of respiratory depression compared to opioids. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of underlying medical conditions affecting the airways?

Feeling sick or being sick (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a preventive measure mentioned in the text for respiratory infections?

Avoiding close contact with sick individuals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a pharmacological management approach mentioned in the text for respiratory issues?

Antibiotics and antivirals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not commonly associated with haemoptysis as per the text?

High temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which action is advised for the prevention of respiratory infections?

Regular fluid intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-pharmacological medical management approach for respiratory issues mentioned in the text?

Humidification (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial step for managing large-volume hemoptysis?

Bronchoscopy to identify the source of bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an endobronchial management option for visible central airway lesions?

Bronchial artery embolization (C) Signup and view all the answers

For which type of lesions is external beam radiotherapy recommended, according to the text?

Distal or parenchymal lesions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term used to describe a nosebleed?

Epistaxis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cause of epistaxis in palliative care patients?

Bacterial infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is mentioned as a cause of epistaxis unrelated to palliative care?

Self-induced trauma from repeated nasal picking (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action if bronchoscopy and endobronchial management options are unsuccessful in managing hemoptysis?

Bronchial artery embolization (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is mentioned as a potential cause of epistaxis in the text?

Low humidity or dry weather (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which types of cancer are most commonly associated with cough in people with cancer?

Both cancer of the airways, lungs, pleura, mediastinum, and tumors metastasizing to the thorax (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is recommended for managing cough in palliative care patients?

Both glycopyrronium bromide and hyoscine hydrobromide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute cough in people with cancer?

Respiratory tract infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cough in palliative care patients is true?

Cough can be caused by conditions that can be relatively easily addressed, such as GERD or medication side effects. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the severity of cough in palliative care patients is true?

The most severe cough is convulsive, unending, and permits no other object of attention. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential cause of cough in palliative care patients?

Lung cancer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about smoking cessation in palliative care patients is true?

Smoking cessation is often not realistic and/or helpful in patients with a limited prognosis of weeks or a short number of months. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cough in palliative care patients is NOT true?

The most severe cough is mild and intermittent. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step patients at increased risk of epistaxis are advised to take in first aid management?

Lean slightly forward (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients avoid lying down or tilting their heads back during a nosebleed?

It prevents blood from flowing to the brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT recommended for patients as part of medical treatment for epistaxis?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a saline nasal spray or drops as part of health education to prevent epistaxis?

To keep the nasal passages moist (D) Signup and view all the answers

In first aid management of epistaxis, where should firm pressure be applied when pinching the nose?

Just below the bony ridge of the nose (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which action should patients avoid after their nosebleed has stopped?

Blowing their nose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason given in the text for avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs in patients with epistaxis?

They may interfere with blood clotting (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is adequate pain control in patients with posterior nasal packing a concern?

It may lead to hypoventilation (D) Signup and view all the answers