Questions and Answers
What is heroin?
Mimics natural opiates and turns off dopamine inhibition, causing dopamine to flood the receptors and produce feelings of well-being.
What part of the brain does heroin affect?
Pain signals, stress response, emotional attachment.
What is ecstasy?
Mimics serotonin, causing transporters to move serotonin out of the cell where it binds to the receptors and overstimulates the cell.
What part of the brain does ecstasy affect?
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What is marijuana?
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What parts of the brain does marijuana affect?
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What is meth?
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What parts of the brain does meth affect?
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What is alcohol?
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What parts of the brain does alcohol affect?
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What is cocaine?
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What parts of the brain does cocaine affect?
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What is LSD?
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What parts of the brain does LSD affect?
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What is the master molecule of addiction?
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What percentage of alcoholism can be attributed to genetics?
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Where are drugs metabolized?
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What warning label did cigarette companies object to?
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What is binge drinking?
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What drug is used most frequently on a daily basis by teens?
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What factor determines the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier?
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Why has alcohol use decreased in recent decades?
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What is the goal of health education?
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What percent of adults in USA smoke?
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What percent of adults in USA abstain from drinking?
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Which age group is most likely to be using illicit drugs?
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What is drug with the most withdrawal symptoms?
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What is drug with highest reinforcement?
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What is drug with highest tolerance?
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What is drug with highest dependence?
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What is drug with the most intoxication?
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Study Notes
Opiates and Neurotransmitters
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Heroine mimics natural opiates, inhibits dopamine suppression, resulting in a surge of dopamine and enhanced feelings of well-being.
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Affects brain areas related to pain signals, stress response, and emotional attachment.
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Ecstasy imitates serotonin, prompting transporters to release serotonin, leading to overstimulation of the cell.
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Impacts brain functions related to mood, sleep, perception, appetite, and indirectly influences the reward pathway.
Cannabis and Stimulants
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Marijuana contains THC, which mimics anandamide and inhibits dopamine suppression.
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Affects brain functions, impacting short-term memory, movement speed, and inducing a calming effect.
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Meth mimics dopamine, forcing it out of cells and causing excessive stimulation in the synaptic cleft.
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Highly addictive, it primarily targets the brain's reward pathway.
Alcohol and Cocaine Effects
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Alcohol enhances GABA receptor inhibition and blocks glutamate receptors, dampening excitatory signals in the brain.
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Affects memory, decision-making, and impulse control.
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Cocaine obstructs dopamine transporters, resulting in prolonged dopamine receptor binding and overstimulation.
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Influences the reward pathway and voluntary movement, leading to increased fidgeting in users.
Hallucinogens and Addictive Molecules
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LSD binds to serotonin receptors, exhibiting both inhibitory and excitatory effects.
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Influences areas of the brain like the locus coeruleus, impacting wakefulness and inducing hallucinations.
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Dopamine is recognized as the master molecule driving addiction, connecting substance use to the brain's reward system.
Substance Use Trends and Influences
- 40% of alcoholism can be traced to genetic factors.
- The progression to cocaine use often follows patterns of using cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana.
Drug Policy and Education
- The 18th Amendment initiated prohibition, reducing alcohol sales but increasing violence and gang activity, while the 21st Amendment repealed it.
- Effective prevention and reduction of drug use are heavily influenced by policies and price strategies.
Social and Economic Impacts of ATOD
- Drug abuse leads to family stress, crime, poverty, and a decline in societal work ethic.
- Economic costs of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs are felt at family, corporate, and government levels.
Withdrawal and Addiction Characteristics
- Withdrawal symptoms typically oppose the effects of the substance the user is dependent on.
- Alcohol is noted for having the most severe withdrawal symptoms, while cocaine carries the highest reinforcement factor.
Demographic Patterns in Substance Use
- Smoking prevalence is highest among individuals with less than a high school education, while most users of cocaine are Hispanic.
- Alcohol consumption peaks in the 18-25 age group, with 19% of adults in the USA smoking and 42% abstaining from alcohol.
Gateway Drugs and Marketing Strategies
- Common gateway drugs include tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants, leading to higher chances of substance use.
- Advertising effectively targets different demographics, particularly women, using strategies centered on product information and emotional appeal.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the effects of opiates and ecstasy in the brain with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms, definitions, and brain functions associated with these substances. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or pharmacology.
